colour‚ and the inheritance of disorders such as cystic fibrosis. DNA You will remember from your Key Stage 3 studies that the nucleus controls the activities of a cell. The instructions for how an organism develops are found in the nuclei of its cells Chromosomes Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. They consist of long strands of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid‚ or DNA for short. A section of DNA that has the genetic code for making a particular protein is called
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What are Antioxidants? In the world of molecules‚ antioxidants are true superheroes. They are our bodies’ first line of defense against free radicals‚ which are unstable molecules that can wreak all kinds of havoc on cells‚ proteins and DNA. In order to understand why antioxidants are so important‚ we need to get acquainted with their enemies: Free Radicals Free radicals are formed within our bodies as by-products of normal aerobic respiration‚ metabolism‚ and inflammation. They also arise from
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What is Organic? The word ’Organic’ means ’living’‚ and in practical terms‚ this means natural food that is grown and processed without chemical fertilizers‚ pesticides‚ herbicides or fungicides. Nothing unnatural is allowed so there are no growth hormones‚ antibiotics‚ preservatives‚ dyes‚ chemical coatings or irradiation allowed. There is no genetic engineering allowed in organic foods. Organic food is nothing else but good pure nutritional food - the way it used to be. Toxic overload
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process known as asexual reproduction. However‚ by the late 20th century‚ scientists developed a method to manipulate an organism’s deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‚ known as genetic engineering. This development led to the birth of animal clones and many ethical issues to follow. Cloning is defined as “a form of genetic engineering in which the DNA of a person‚ animal‚ plant‚ or even bacterium is used to produce a perfect or near-perfect genetic replica of the original” (Stanley‚ 2000a‚ p. 7). As stated
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Functional Groups of Organic Compounds A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in the HC derivative other than carbon and hydrogen. Literally‚ the functional group determines the functions of the particular HC derivative in chemical reactions. This means that the specific properties of the HC derivative are due to its functional group. Each functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses
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VITAMINS AND MINERALS Vitamins and minerals make people’s bodies work properly. Although you get vitamins and minerals from the foods you eat every day‚ some foods have more vitamins and minerals than others. Vitamins fall into two categories: fat soluble and water soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins — A‚ D‚ E‚ and K — dissolve in fat and can be stored in your body. The water-soluble vitamins — C and the B-complex vitamins (such as vitamins B6‚ B12‚ niacin‚ riboflavin‚ and folate) — need to dissolve
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PHYTOCHEMICALS AS NUTRACEUTICALS 08/08/2006 12:22 AM Phytochemicals as Nutraceuticals by Ben Best CONTENTS: LINKS TO SECTIONS BY TOPIC I. Introductory Remarks II . Terpenoids = Isoprenoids A . Carotenoid Terpenoids 1. Lycopene 2. Beta-Carotene 3. Alpha-Carotene 4. Lutein 5. Zeaxanthin 6. Astaxanthin B . Non-Carotenoid Terpeniods 1. Perillyl Alcohol 2. Saponins 3. Terpeneol 4. Terpene Limonoids III. Polyphenolics A . Flavonoid Polyphenolics 1. Anthocyanins 2. Catechins
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CAST The Scientists: Charles Darwin: (1809-1882) evolutionist. Famous for theory of evolution. Published Origin of Species. Previously studied for the clergy. Gregor Mendel: (1822-1884) priest and scientist. “Father of genetics” famous for work with pea plants‚ discovery of alleles and heredity Godfrey Hardy: (1877-1947) mathematician. Famous for independent discovery of Hardy-Weinberg principle‚ a basic principle of population genetics‚ in 1908. Identifies himself as an atheist. Wilhelm Weinberg:
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Minerals What are Food Minerals? * Food minerals are those minerals that begin in the ground or sea. * Enzymes need minerals to build strong healthy life forms‚ whether plant‚ animal or human bodies. * Minerals and enzymes work together to make us look beautiful and feel strong. * Minerals are a major part of every cell and the larger variety we have in our food. Classification Of Minerals * Calcium * Magnesium * Potassium * Sodium * Zinc * Phosphorus
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Preservation of Food with Ionizing Energy Lesson 10 1 Assigned Readings – n Smith‚ J.S. and Pillai‚ S. 2004. Irradiation and Food safety. Food Technol. n Fact sheet on Food Irradiation http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/information-for-consumers/fact-sheets/labelling-food-packaging-and-storage/irradiation/eng/1332358607968/1332358680017 n Frequently Asked Questions regarding Food Irradiation 2 Terminology n Radiation ¨ ¨ n Food irradiation ¨ n Rays of energy Emission and propagation of
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