Link reaction The link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and its main function is to turn the pyruvate into acetate for the kerb cycle. During the link reaction the pyruvate molecule undergoes decarboxylation and dehydrogenation‚ the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase remove the carboxyl group (which becomes a carbon dioxide molecule) and removes the hydrogen atoms from the pyruvate molecule. The coenzyme NAD accepts the two hydrogen atoms and becomes reduced
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The Grignard Reaction Abstract Through the use of the Grignard reaction‚ a carbon-carbon bond was formed‚ thereby resulting in the formation of triphenylmethanol from phenyl magnesium bromide and benzophenone. A recrystallization was performed to purify the Grignard product by dissolving the product in methanol. From here‚ a melting point range of 147.0 °C to 150.8 °C was obtained. The purified product yielded an IR spectrum with major peaks of 3471.82 cm-1‚ 3060.90 cm-1‚ 1597.38 cm-1‚ and 1489
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the value of the sum for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2’s change in temperature‚ compared to Reaction 3’s change in temperature. Reaction 1 was the dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water with a ΔH°rxn of -47047 J/mol‚ Reaction 2 was the neutralization of liquid sodium hydroxide with HCl with a ΔH°rxn of -31289 J/mol and Reaction 3 was the dissolution and neutralization of solid NaOH with HCl with a ΔH°rxn of -91000 J/mol. Consequently‚ the sum of Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 was -78336 J/mol‚ similar
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affecting the rate of reaction‚ PNPP (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) + H20 ? PNP (p-nitrophenol) + H3P04. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphatase. Different environments produced different reaction rates as environmental factors affect the efficiency of phosphatase. This is because environmental factors can change the tertiary structure of phosphatase‚ which alters its active site‚ and thus changes its efficiency to catalyze the reaction. We measured the rate of reaction‚ by using a chromogenic
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Examples of synthesis reactions: 1. Metal + oxygen → metal oxide EX. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) 2. Nonmetal + oxygen → nonmetallic oxide EX. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) 3. Metal oxide + water → metallic hydroxide EX. MgO(s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(s) 4. Nonmetallic oxide + water → acid EX. CO2(g) + H2O(l) → ; H2CO3(aq) 5. Metal + nonmetal → salt EX. 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s) 6. A few nonmetals combine with each other. EX. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) →
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observe how the change in solvent polarity affects the rate and to determine the kinetics of a solvolysis reaction. In this experiment‚ we used 1-chloro-1-phenylethane in acetone in one reaction with 50% ethanol-50% water and in another reaction with 40% ethanol-60% water. To monitor he rate of reaction‚ we would need the concentration of the alkyl chloride at the beginning of the reaction and at a time t‚ but since we did not determine the concentrations‚ we monitored the rate of formation of
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March 18‚ 2012 Title: Types of Chemical Reactions Data: Reaction Observations Evidence #1 It turned a reddish brown and the liquid went clear. The color change proved it was a chemical change. #2 The reaction turned yellow and it separated and created a fog. The solid formed precipitation and had a color change during the reaction proving it to be a chemical change. #3 There was green smoke and the crystals turned black. The green liquid turned dark green and continued to sizzle with
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A. Introduction Title: The effect of reading Shakespeare on reaction time Research Question: Does reading a passage of Shakespeare decrease a person’s reaction time while completing a puzzle? One day in class‚ I was reading an interesting article about how people who read and are exposed to Shakespeare and Wordsworth and other renowned writers have better brain activity‚ attention spans‚ and can have more moments of beneficial self-reflection. In the article‚ scientists and psychologists at Liverpool
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AP Chemistry Unit 2 Notes Stoichiometry You should understand all that is presented in chapter 3 of your text (Zumdahl: Chemistry‚ 8th edition). Some of the highlights are presented below. Atomic Masses (Section 3.1) Nearly every element is made up of atoms of more than one isotope for that element. A few‚ like Be‚ only have one isotope. Others can have a large number of isotopes. Tin (Sn) has ten isotopes. (No pun intended.) Isotopic abundance is determined by the use of
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER AND PERCENT YIELD Objective To gain familiarity with basic laboratory procedures‚ some chemistry of a typical transition element‚ and the concept of percent yield. Apparatus and Chemicals |0.5 g piece of no. 16 or no. 18 copper wire |evaporating dish | |250 mL beaker (2) |weighing paper | |concentrated HNO3 (4 – 6 mL)
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