Common Risk Factors in the Retu rns on Stocks and Bonds Eugene F. Fama Kenneth R. French Journal of Financial Economics 1993 Presenter: 周立軒 Brief Saying… • This paper identifies Five common risk factors in the return on stocks and bonds – Two stock market factors‚ two bond market factors ‚ one market factor. – The five factors seems to explain all returns in stoc k market and bond market • Except the Low-Grade Bonds Agenda • • • • • Introduction The Steps of the Experiment Data & Variables Main
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Project report On Rate of Exchange and Foreign Investment The Indian case from 2009-10 to 2011-12 Acknowledgement As a part of PGDM curriculum at Birla Institute of Management Technology‚ the preparation of this project report has been a unique and rewarding experience. Apart from our efforts‚ the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people
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Remittance And Foreign Exchange Operation Of NCC Bank Ltd. 1.1. Introduction: Remittances to Bangladesh have been growing steadily over the last decade. Since its independence in 1971‚ more than 3 million Bangladeshis have left the country in search of employment. The central bank estimates their cumulative remittances during 1976-2003 at round US$22 billion (Azad‚ 2005). Recognizing their economic importance‚ the government for years has had legislation‚ policies‚ and an institutional structure
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If you were a manufacturer holding a substantial inventory of a product that has been outlawed in the United States‚ would you have any ethical concerns about selling the product in countries that do not prohibit its sale? Suppose the inventory write-down that you will be forced to take because of the regulatory obsolescence is material- nearly a 20 percent reduction in income will result. If you can sell the inventory in a foreign market‚ legally‚ there will be no write-down and no income reduction
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Russia Exchange rate system Russia used to pledge its nominal exchange rate with some main currencies such as US dollar. However‚ the Russian crisis has forced Russia to develop managed floating exchange rate system‚ where the exchange rate driven by market forces of the Ruble’s demand and supply with the help of government intervention. With this exchange rate‚ the government can ensure stability and predictability of ruble exchange rate and prevent abrupt fluctuation of the Ruble rate. Moreover
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What factors are behind stock market fluctuations and how do they impact? Which have the most significant impact‚ and why? Stock market has been greatly developed in recent years; stocks have been one of the most important tools of investment. Considering how popular stock market it is‚ the fluctuation of stock market has increasingly significant affect on properties of both companies and individuals. As a result‚ the fluctuations gradually became the overarching concern for a majority of individuals
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China ’s Exchange Rate Peg concerning Trade Policy with U.S. Overview of the Problem The U.S. and China trade imbalance continue to be on the rise. U.S. manufacturing firms and workers voiced complaints over the competitive challenges posed by cheap Chinese imports. China ’s trade policy of pegging its currency‚ the yuan‚ to the U.S. dollar has enabled an unfair trade advantage according to the U.S. Some have gone as far as calling it "currency manipulation." The outcome has been loss of
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FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET BEHAVIUOR AND ITS MANAGEMNT IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCES ABSTRACT * Dr. Arabi.U The Indian foreign exchange market has operated in a liberlised environment for more than a decade. A cautious and well-caliberated approach was followed while liberlising the foreign exchange market and the focus was on gradually dismantling controls and providing an enabling environment to all entities engaged in external transactions. Hence‚ in view of the high volumes
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The Future of the Foreign Exchange Market Abstract This paper addresses the future of the foreign exchange market using two organizing(and provocative) ideas. One pertains to the market’s institutional structurthe other to its information structure. The first organizing idea is that thestructure of currency markets is driven primarily by the management of credit risk. This contrasts with drivers identified by microstructure theory (such as management of market risk‚ attenuation of asymmetric
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Differences between Preferred and Common Stock All stock is not created equal. Companies offer two main types of stock: common and preferred stock‚ each with its share of advantages and disadvantages for investors. Preferred and common stocks are different in two key aspects. First‚ preferred stockholders have a greater claim to a company’s assets and earnings. This is true during the good times when the company has excess cash and decides to distribute money in the form of dividends to its
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