HISTORY The first part of this chapter provides a historical survey of the pharmacologic and political influences on the use of psychoactive substances and compulsive behaviors in all civilizations. The second part presents a system for classifying these psychoactive substances along with major legislation impacting use of drugs and treatment of addictions. Throughout the last 10‚000 years‚ humans have used psychoactive drugs to alter their perception of reality for a variety of reasons. By
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Alcohol: The legal drinking age in the state of Missouri is 21. The legal limit of blood alcohol concentration in Missouri is .08. If either of these laws are disobeyed you could face serious consequences or even death. When you drink you experience effects from it. There are two kinds of effects short & long term. Short term effects happen then‚ & continue for a short time afterwards. Short term effects include; nausea‚ vomiting‚ loss of judgment & self control‚ blackout‚ coma or even death
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Drug Administration so the risks are unknown (Mayo Clinic Staff). Diuretics and stimulants are two more classes of drugs that athletes may use to enhance performance. Diuretics are used to help rid the body of salt and water (Monroe 5). Athletes take diuretics to decrease their weight and enable them to compete in specific events or to dilute their urine in order to pass a drug test (Mayo Clinic Staff). Stimulants are sometimes used to stimulate the central nervous system‚ which can help an athlete
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was not explained and lacked details. I chose to look more closely into methamphetamine. Meth is a very dangerous and addictive drug that affects many peoples’ lives each year. Meth is a stimulant. Stimulants cause increased heart rate‚ blood pressure‚ metabolism‚ alertness‚ energy‚ and paranoia. Stimulants sleep habits and appetite. High doses can lead to overdoses and death. Meth is made in meth labs. Most of the ingredients in meth are very toxic chemicals including drain cleaner and antifreeze
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Adrenergic Agonists (a.k.a. Sympathomimetic Drugs) I. Direct stimulants of α and β receptors 1. Epinephrine (Adrenaline) 2. Norepinephrine (Levophed) 3. Levonordefrin (Neo-Cobefrin) 4. Dopamine (Intropin) 5. Ephedrine II. Direct stimulants of α receptors (α agonists) 1. Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine) III. Direct stimulants of β receptors (β agonists) 1. Isoproterenol (Isuprel) 2. Selective stimulants of β2 receptors in the bronchi (for asthma) 2.a. Salbutanol (Ventolin) 2.b. Terbutaline
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1. CNS stimulants increase the neurotransmitter: a. GABA b. Glutamate c. Serotonin d. None of the above 2. How are xanthines different from other CNS stimulants? a. They are stronger than other CNS stimulants b. They have different peripheral effects c. Unlike other CNS stimulants‚ they release catecholamines indirectly d. All of the above 3. ____________ is a member of xanthine family that is used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as Asthma. a. Theophylline b. Caffeine c.
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Caffeine‚ the stimulant in coffee‚ has been called “the most widely used psychoactive substance on Earth .” Synder‚ Daly and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affects behavior by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine. Adenosine normally depresses neuron firing in many areas of the brain. It apparently does this by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters‚ chemicals that carry nerve impulses from one neuron to the next. Like
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CAPD’s are more likely to be associated with learning disabilities than ADHD‚ proving that “CAPD and ADHD can occur as two distinct disorders” (Riccio et al.‚ 1996). The use of stimulant medication to treat CAPD symptoms has achieved various results suggesting that further studies need to be undertaken to determine whether stimulant treatment is a reliable and beneficial treatment for CAPD. Keller et al. (2002)
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| uses | Talumpunay | Datura metel | Solanaceae | Thorn apple | Hyoscyamine | Hypnotic | Trompeta | Datura arborea | Solanaceae | Angel’s trumpet | Hyoscyamine | Hallucinogenic | Coca | Erythoxylum coca | Erythoxylaceae | Coca | Cocaine | Stimulant | C.) QUINOLINE ALKALOIDS | Scientific name | family | Vernacular name | Constituents | uses | Lunas | Lunasia amara | Rutaceae | Lunas | Lunasine | Anti fungal | Dita | Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R. Br. | Apocynaceae | White cheesewood
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are not the bath salts people used in there bath water‚ this is the kind people used for a drug but you can used the one you put in your bath water also for a drug. Bath salts are substituted cathinones which are synthetic‚ concentrated of the stimulant chemical in khat. Mephedrone and methyone are the chemicals most often found in Bath Salts products are sold like powder from in small plastic or foil packages of two hundred and five hundred milligrams under various brand names are Mephedrone is
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