Renal Physiology PART THREE Renal Acid-Base Balance 1 Acid • • • • An acid is when hydrogen ions accumulate in a solution. It becomes more acidic [H+] increases = more acidity CO2 is an example of an acid. HCl 2 H+ H+ ClH+ H+ ClH+ 7 ClpH ClCl- As concentration of hydrogen ions increases‚ pH drops Base • A base is chemical that will remove hydrogen ions from the solution • Bicarbonate is an example of a base. NaOH Na+ OH- H + ClH+ ClNa+ OHH+ ClH+ Cl- Na+ OHH+ ClNa+ OH- 2 7 pH Acids
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End stage renal disease can manifest as a variety of symptoms that include general malaise‚ weakness‚ dry skin‚ pruritus‚ and headaches‚ loss of appetite‚ and sometimes nausea and vomiting. Also‚ drowsiness‚ confusion‚ muscle twitching or cramps‚ easy bruising‚ nosebleeds‚ edema‚ low urine output‚ etc. If kidney failure is untreated‚ it can develop to seizures‚ coma‚ and death. With that being said‚ we have to remember that when people deal with life challenges‚ they experience emotional anxiety
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Management of Fluid overload in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Chronic Renal Failure is a long term serious irreversible condition‚ described as the gradual loss of kidney function (McCarthy‚ et al 2009). The number of patients suffering from CRF in United Kingdom (UK) is rising rapidly. Ferenbach and Wood (2005‚ p.16) state that in UK‚ about 6000 people are commencing dialysis treatment per year. Fluid overload is a frequently observed finding in renal failure patients. About one third of the patients
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SUMMARY Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney function. The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyperfiltration (excessive straining of the blood) within the remaining functional nephrons (filtering units that consist of a glomerulus and corresponding tubule). The cause for CRF sometimes can be determined by a detailed medical history‚ a comprehensive physical examination‚ and laboratory studies. CRF are common in patients who have multiple myeloma ( cancer
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Aldosterone and Hormone Replacement Therapy Aldosterone falls in the class of hormone called mineralocorticoids‚ produces by the adrenal glands and is found near the kidneys. It sustains blood pressure‚ water and salt balance within the body. This procedure is assisting the kidneys to preserve sodium and excrete potassium in order to maintain a balance. If Aldosterone production falls‚ there isn’t enough regulation of salt and water balance (as aldosterone is being lost through urination) triggering
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Renal Papillary Necrosis (RPN) induced by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) can occur as a chronic or acute nephropathy. RPN is an uncommon clinical syndrome‚ which causes permanent damage to the renal parenchymal tissue. Both the acute and chronic forms of RPN are typically seen in the setting of massive NSAID overdose in a dehydrated individual with preexisting normal renal function. In contrast‚ chronic renal papillary necrosis associated to NSAID use is a component of the clinical
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Feature Acute Kidney Injury: Not Just Acute Renal Failure Anymore? Susan Dirkes‚ RN‚ MSA‚ CCRN Until recently‚ no uniform standard existed for diagnosing and classifying acute renal failure. To clarify diagnosis‚ the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative group stated its consensus on the need for a clear definition and classification system of renal dysfunction with measurable criteria. Today the term acute kidney injury has replaced the term acute renal failure‚ with an understanding that such injury
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NBNS3504 RENAL RENAL NURSING NURSING Faculty of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences TOPIC TOPIC 1 1 ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT OF OF RENAL RENAL NURSING NURSING Mar 14‚ 2015 NBNS3504 2 Faculty of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences Topic Topic 1: 1: Learning Learning Outcomes Outcomes By the end of this topic you should be able to: • discuss the structure and main functions of the kidney • explain the basic renal process of filtration re-absorption and secretion • explain the assessment of renal function
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Chapter 47: Nursing Management: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. After the insertion of an arteriovenous graft (AVG) in the right forearm‚ a 54-year-old patient complains of pain and coldness of the right fingers. Which action should the nurse take? a. Teach the patient about normal AVG function. b. Remind the patient to take a daily low-dose aspirin tablet. c. Report the patient’s symptoms to the health care provider. d. Elevate the patient’s arm on pillows
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For the preparation of the filtrate solution at the beginning of the class our Instructor‚ Marshall Douglas added about four to five strawberries in the blender along with 100 ml of detergent/ enzyme/ salt solution. They were blended until thoroughly homogenized if foaming occurred more detergent solution was added to prevent it. Then the blended solution was poured into a beaker and left to incubate at 60C for 15 minutes. Also‚ the mixture solution was cooled on ice for 5 minutes and filter through
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