least one of the antibiotics commonly used to treat infections? More than 70% 3. When did microbes begin appearing that were resistant to penicillin? In the late 1940’s 4. What is the strongest antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus? Vancomycin 5. Why has antibiotic resistance happened? Certain bacteria resist the effects of the antibiotics (are not killed) and multiply and spread. 6. Explain why the increase of antibiotic resistance is an outcome of evolution. Because
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features; illnesses they cause (bacterial e.g. lyme disease‚ tuberculosis; fungal e.g. tinea pedis‚ oral thrush; viral e.g. measles‚ mumps); pathogenic micro-organisms Common illnesses and infections: MRSA infections (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus); Norovirus infection (winter vomiting disease); Common cold and other respiratory infections; Gastroenteritis;
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Introduction Gram staining was developed by Christian Gram in the 1800’s‚ a Danish bacteriologist. (Smith and Hussey‚ 2005) It was the first differential staining technique and most common used in microbiology. Furthermore‚ bacteria are transparent and cannot be seen through the microscope. For that reason‚ Gram staining is an important tool for distinguishing between two main types of bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The Gram stain differentiates the Gram positive and gram-negative on
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bacteria and other micro-organisms. Before the discovery of antibiotics‚ nothing much could be done by anybody and deaths on large scale were claimed. For instance Streptococcus pyogenes was the cause of half of all post-birth deaths[2] and Staphylococcus aureus was fatal in 80% of infected wounds and the tuberculosis and pneumonia bacteria were famous killers. Now‚ discovery of antibiotics has enabled the medical line of work to treat these communicable diseases [3] together with some that were once
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Abstract Introduction An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria‚ fungi‚ or protozoans (Antimicrobial). Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes or prevent the growth of microbes. Disinfectants are antimicrobial substances used on non-living objects or outside the body. Ginger Figure 1 : Ginger (Studies Reveal Ginger Lowers Colon Cancer Risk) Ginger is commonly used around the world and has been employed in the treatment‚ cure‚ and
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Disposition/Food Safety: Overview of Food Microbiology July 8‚ 2011 Overview of Food Microbiology OBJECTIVES At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: 1. Explain the structural similarities and/or differences among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as their isolation and identification using serological‚ biochemical‚ and molecular techniques. 2. Identify the functions of the bacterial cell wall. 3. Identify the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters that affect bacterial growth
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Infection Prevention and Control Policy INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLICY POLICY NO RATIFYING COMMITTEE DATE RATIFIED NEXT REVIEW DATE IC01 CORPORATE PROCEDURAL DOCUMENT REVIEW GROUP NOVEMBER 2010 NOVEMBER 2012 POLICY STATEMENT: This policy details the action required by all individuals directly employed by the Trust‚ contract staff‚ students‚ volunteers‚ locums and bank/agency staff‚ patients‚ carers and general public‚ which minimises the risk of infection‚ to patients‚ staff
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CORRECTED COPY HEALTH HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN DUE TO ANTIMICROBIAL MISUSE IN AFRICA BY SAIKI ADINOYI MUSA A GRADUATE SEMINAR PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH‚ FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES‚ COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES‚ UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN‚ ILORIN‚ KWARA STATE‚ NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH) SUPERVISOR PROF. A. O. AWOYEMI MB.BS (Ibadan)‚ MPH (Lagos)
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang Kraniotomi merupakan tindakan pembukaan tengkorak melalui pembedahan untuk meningkatkan akses pada struktur intrakranial (Brunner & Suddarth‚ 2010). Tindakan operasi kraniotomi dilakukan untuk menghentikan perdarahan‚ memperbaiki kerusakan lapisan jaringan yang melindungi otak dan patah tulang tengkorak akibat trauma‚ mengevakuasi masa yang ada didalam otak‚ mengeluarkan cairan serebrospinal yang berlebihan dan menghilangkan sumbatan darah daerah otak. Operasi
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REVISION COMMON TYPES OF MICROBES 1 BACTERIA Difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Shapes of bacteria and examples What shapes have you learnt? GRAM STAIN: The process! You should work on your lab notes. LECTURE 2 GRAM STAIN Developed by a Danish called Christian Gram in 1884 Stain a heat-fixed smear with a dye like crystal violet and fix with Iodine Then wash with ethanol or acetone Finally counterstain with a dye of different colour such as safranin (what is its colour
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