Quantification of a Mutagen – Standard Ames Test Sarah R. Villarreal Rogers 1130 INTRODUCTION. In the experiment Lab 6A‚ Diet Coke was determined a mutagen by using a test called the Spot-Overlay Ames Test. The Spot-Overlay Test was designed and named after Dr. Bruce Ames‚ a Scientist and professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at an array of colleges (Ames 2012)‚ the test was designed to determine whether or not something is mutagenic. After the Spot-Overlay Ames Test we then wanted
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The Spot-Overlay Ames Test was used in the lab to find the mutagenesis of Diet Coke and ThermaFlu. Along with these substances three mutant strains of salmonella were also tested. TA 1535‚ TA 1537‚ TA 1538 all lacked the ability to grow the amino acid histidine unless reverted back by the potential mutagens. After the first week of testing‚ results showed that both of the potential mutagens‚ Diet Coke and ThermaFlu were in fact mutagenic. This was established if colonial growth was at least twice
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Quantification of a Mutagen: Tobacco By Selenia Lopez November 30‚ 2012 Section 44 Abstract: Tobacco is commonly used and kills millions until this day. Tobacco is a potential mutagen due to all the chemicals added. The spot overlay Ames test was conducted to test at what concentration of tobacco was it at the most mutagenic. The hypothesis of this experiment was as the concentration of tobacco increases‚ the growth of bacteria increases. The control for this experiment had a UV positive
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The Ames test is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds.[1] A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may act as a carcinogen‚ since cancer is often linked to mutation. However‚ a number of false-positives and false-negatives are known.[2] The test serves as a quick and convenient assay to estimate the carcinogenic potential of a compound since standard carcinogen assays on rodents are time-consuming (taking two to three years to complete)
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The AMES test also known as bacteria reversed mutation assay is used to evaluate the mutagenic properties of test articles. The test was first developed by Bruce Ames in 1974 (Krebsfaenger). The amino acid dependent strain of S. typhimurium and E. coli are used in this experiment where in the absence of the external histidine source‚ the cells cannot grow to form colonies. Specifically these strains of Salmonella are defective in 1.) Repair of mutations (uvrB) and 2.) A rfa mutation (eliminating
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Growth Strategies of Coke Portfolio Portfolio analysis SWOT analysis Five forces applied on coca cola Growth strategy Marketing Environments Microenvironment Macro environment Competitive environment Rivals \ competitor Competitive advantage Market Segmentation & Positioning Strategy Market segmentation Coke segmentation strategy Page # 12 13 13 14 14 17 16 18 19 20 21 23 15 24 27 29 32(a‚b) 33 36 40 44 44 45 48 48 Positioning Product Strategy Level of coke as a product Branding
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A BRAND AUDIT Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Brand Inventory 6 Brand Elements: 6 Diet Pepsi and Pepsi Company Profile (appendix)– (To be added) 9 MARKETING MIX: 9 Product Characteristic and Attributes 9 Price 11 Promotion 12 Points of Parity and Points of Difference between Diet Coke and Diet Pepsi – (To be added) 15 Brand Exploratory 15 Brand Awareness 15 Brand Image 16 Interpretation of Brand Exploratory: 19 Introduction: No one thought a drink sold for five
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Your Diet‚ Your Health Nutrition is essential not only for life‚ but for a healthy life. Learn about the connection between what you eat and how you feel. By Diana Rodriguez Medically reviewed by Christine Wilmsen Craig‚ MD We’ve all heard the old saying “you are what you eat.” And it’s still true. If you stick to a healthy diet full of vitamins and minerals‚ your body reflects it. You feel healthy‚ energized‚ and just all-around great. However‚ people who limit their diet to junk foods will
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Mutagens may be of physical‚ chemical or biological origin. They may act directly on the DNA‚ causing direct damage to the DNA‚ and most often result in replication error. Some however may act on the replication mechanism and chromosomal partition. Many mutagens are not mutagenic by themselves‚ but can form mutagenic metabolites through cellular processes. Such mutagens are called promutagens. [edit]Physical mutagens Ionizing radiations such as X-rays‚ gamma rays and alpha particles may cause DNA
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needed to explain the reasons behind the choice of media in a successful campaign. Roles of advertising Service offered Coca cola uses really well-known advertising agencies for the advertisement of their Diet coke products like the Karl Lagerfeld commercial on their Diet coke this was a very expensive way of advertising‚ but they have high promotional budgets and in house resources. By making all this awesome commercial happened they use advertisement on magazines‚ television‚ billboards
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