on the notion of variation. It argues that the numerous traits and adaptations that differentiate species from each other also explain how species evolved over time and gradually diverged. Variations in organisms are apparent both within domesticated species and within species throughout the natural world. Variations in colors‚ structures‚ organs‚ and physical traits differentiate a multitude of species from one another. Heredity is the mechanism that perpetuates variations‚ Darwin argues‚ as traits
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may not be as glamorous as the megafauna of the Serengeti or the bird life of Borneo‚ but these “rocky intertidal” areas turn out to be great places to study community ecology. An ecological community is a group of species that live together and interact with each other. Some species eat others‚ some provide shelter for their neighbors‚ and some compete with each other for food and/or space. These relationships bind a community together and determine the local community structure: the composition
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Evolution: descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones. Biology: the scientific study of life. Emergent properties: new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life‚ owing to the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases. Systems biology: an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the
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compared organisms and categorized them according to their common and distinct characteristic features. Through educational settings‚ you probably also have gained insights into similarities and differences between species. On the second page of this test‚ arrange the following species into your own phylogenetic tree diagram you believe based on their shared characteristics. (a) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) (b) Ectoedemia castaneae (moth) (c) Hyla cinerea (tree frog) (d) Rattus rattus (rat)
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individuals within populations • Diversity of species within communities • Range of ecological roles within ecosystems • Genetic diversity • Species diversity • Diversity of environment & habitat Three Major Areas Three Levels LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY Genetic diversity • Variety of genetic information in all individuals ( plants‚ animals and microorganisms). • Genetic diversity occurs w/n and between populations of species as well as between species. • New genetic variation is produced in populations
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extinction rate? Is there really anything more a human can do in the evolution of an animal or plant species other then intervene and slow own the extinction process? Afterall‚ without this evolution process new species of animal and plants cannot develop.
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Defining the Niche (a) Niche: describes not only what an organisms does‚ but also how it interacts with biotic and abiotic factors in the environment (b) A niche is the range of physical and biological conditions in which a specie lives and way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce (c) Resource: refers to any necessity of life‚ such as water‚ nutrients‚ light‚ food‚ or space (d) Part of an organism’s niche involves the abiotic factors it requires for survival (e) Biological
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Conservation and biodiversity Definitions: Species: A group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring e.g. horses and donkeys Population: A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time‚ and which are capable of interbreeding Biodiversity: The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity‚ habitat diversity and genetic diversity. Species diversity: Both the range and number of organisms
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data Linkage Map – maps the location of several thousand genetic markers on each chromosome Physical Map – Expresses the distance between genetic markers‚ usually as the number of base pairs along the DNA Metagenomics – DNA from a group of species (a metagenome) is collected from an environmental sample and sequenced Gene Annotation – identification of protein coding genes within DNA sequences in a database Proteomics – the systematic study of all proteins encoded by a genome Pseudogenes
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patterns of evolution is a topic for continuing debates and exploration. Contrary to the claims of Eldredge and Gould‚ Darwin was not a "phyletic gradualist” (Theobald‚ 2013). Definition of Phyletic gradualism: Relating to the hereditary descent of a species or its development over time (Encarta Dictionary). The differences
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