deduction test under [S 33(1) of the Income Tax Act 1967]. Under the general deduction test the business expenses have to fulfil all the following conditions in order to secure a deduction from the gross income of a business source: 1) it is revenue expenditure wholly and exclusively incurred in the production of income [S 33(1) Income Tax Act 1967] and it is not prohibited from deduction under S39 of the Income Tax Act 1967‚ 2) it is a specific deduction under S 34‚ S 34A or S 34B of the Income Tax
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by looking at its financial health from annual reports and recent news reports. The six ratios considered are current ratio‚ quick ratio‚ profit margin‚ operating ratio‚ debt-equity ratio‚ and debt-asset ratio. These ratios were compared over time‚ against its close competitors‚ which are Amazon.com Inc. and Wal-Mart Stores Inc.‚ and against a calculated industry benchmark. Based on our findings‚ we conclude that Indigo is financially healthy. For example‚ current and quick ratios are both higher than
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ACCOUNTANTS OF PAKISTAN REPORT ON RATIO ANALYSIS OF M/S RANI LIMITED PREPARED FOR: Board of Directors PREPARED BY: Management Accountant TABLE OF CONTENTS Particulars Executive Summary Introduction Page No. 3-4 5 Financial Position and Ratio Analysis 6 - 10 Suggestions & Conclusion 11 - 12 Appendices Horizontal & Vertical Analysis of Income Statement Comparative Ratios & averages Trend of Ratios & Percentages Graphical Representation
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The aim of this report is to analysis the financial performance of J Sainsbury plc by compare several ratios‚ in the view of an investor who seeking long term investment. Four sections will be illustrated‚ the background of Sainsbury‚ 10 ratio analysis‚ a suggestion of whether the company is worth to invest and a limitation of current financial statements and ratio analysis. J Sainsbury plc is the third largest chain company of supermarkets in the UK‚ which is generally known as Sainsbury’s. It
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The companies’ financial ratios can be compared with the ratios of other equivalent companies between business sectors at one point of time. These comparisons provide explanations on the relative financial status and performance of the company compared to the relative performance of its competitors. Comparisons are usually made with other companies in the same business sector and the benchmark is assumed to be the suitable value for a company. The assumption here is for the companies in the same business
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impact of the financial system’s structure on firms’ financial constraints Christopher F. Baum a‚ b‚ *‚ Dorothea Schäfer b‚ c‚ Oleksandr Talavera d a Department of Economics‚ Boston College‚ Chestnut Hill‚ MA 02467‚ USA DIW Berlin‚ Mohrenstraße 58‚ 10117 Berlin‚ Germany Jönköping International Business School‚ Jönköping‚ Sweden d School of Economics‚ University of East Anglia‚ Norwich NR4 7TJ‚ UK b c a b s t r a c t JEL classification: G32 G30 Keywords: Financial constraints Financial structure
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recession from which it is still reeling had many causes. One of them was mathematics. Financial investment firms had developed such complex ways of investing their clients’ money that they came to rely on arcane formulas to judge the risks they were taking on. Yet as we learned so painfully three years ago‚ those formulas‚ or models‚ are only pale reflections of the real world‚ and sometimes they can be woefully misleading. 2008年股市崩盤使全球陷入經濟蕭條，如今仍餘波盪漾。探究經濟蕭條發生的原因，我們發現數學是其中之一。金融投資公司早就發展出一套複雜的方法來運用客戶的資金
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Page 1 Trading Company AFS FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRADING COMPANY (PTY) LTD Holistic over view of operating performance (Using a traffic light system to quickly highlight performance) 1. RONA - Return on Net Operating Assets 2010 18.4% 2009 21.2% Net Operating profit (Income Statement) Net Operating Assets (Balance Sheet) 135 735 84 396 Note: Net Operating Assets - take total net Assets‚ and add back cash‚ overdraft balances‚ tax and dividends. These are financing factors‚
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Financial ratios are used by companies‚ investors‚ and by students. The purpose of financial ratios is to determine the whether a company is able to pay off debts‚ use its assets to regenerate cash‚ or determine how much profit a company is making from every dollar they make. A study of two internet giants‚ Google and Yahoo!‚ will show that although one company is not generating as much as the other is‚ there are ways that it can improve future cash flows. Current RatioThe current ratio of an organization
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Financial ratio analysis is the calculation and comparison of ratios which are derived from the information in a company’s financial statements. The level and historical trends of these ratios can be used to make inferences about a company’s financial condition‚ its operations and attractiveness as an investment. Financial ratios are calculated from one or more pieces of information from a company’s financial statements. For example‚ the "gross margin" is the gross profit from operations divided
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