Solutions Solutions are a combination of solvents and solutes. When a solute dissolves into a solvent‚ the combined product of the two reactants is called a solution. The definition of a solute is the reactant that’s being dissolved. The only difference from a solute and a solvent is that the solvent is the one that’s doing the dissolving. Molecules randomly flow in all directions until there is an equal concentration throughout the solution. The dissolving process can vary depending
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EXP-10 CHEM 233L SYNTHESIS OF p-BROMOANILINE Introduction: In this experiment‚ p-bromoaniline was synthesized in three steps starting from aniline. Since the amino group of aniline is a strong activator of aromatic ring‚ direct bromination is impractical (equation 1). In order to make a desired product‚ amino group needed to be protected as the acetamide which also maintained ortho and para position but slowed down the rate of reaction (equation 2). Slow reaction rate would increase
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the appropriate solvent for recrystallization and technique and to use the recrystallization technique in purifying a solid sample. Most organic substances are impure and require techniques in order to purify a sample. One of these techniques to make an impure sample pure is by recrystallization. This experiment includes the determination of a good solvent for recrystallization for compounds such as: acetanilide‚ acetamide‚ aspirin‚ benzoic acid‚ naphthalene‚ and sucrose‚ for solvents such as: water
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Experiment 3 Objectives Separation by Solvent Extraction To separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid and a neutral compound by using solvent extraction techniques. Introduction Frequently‚ organic chemists must separate an organic compound from a mixture of compounds‚ often derived from natural sources or products of synthetic reactions. One technique used to separate the mixture compounds is called extraction. Extraction is a process
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called dissolution‚ is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. As ions dissolve in a solvent they spread out and become surrounded by solvent molecules. Example: As an ionic compound dissolves‚ such as NaCl‚ the ions become surrounded by the solvent‚ say H2O(water) molecules. The ions are said to be ’solvated’ as they become surrounded by the solvent‚ similar to a hoard of bees surrounding a nest. The solvation process helps stabilize
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purify compounds through recrystallization. Recrystallization is the primary used operation for purifying solid organic compounds that differ in solubility at different temperature. It is a process of dissolving the solid to be crystallized in a hot solvent mixture and then cooling the solution slowly. The objective of the experiment is to purify crude acetanilide product. At the beginning of the experiment‚ materials and solutions needed were gathered. Some of the members were asked to prepare the water
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RECRYSTALLIZATION Lem Therese D. Delos Ama‚ Glenn Dale M. Desquitado‚ John Carlos M. Drapesa‚ Arianne Valerie B. Escritor‚ Elisha Ellis R. Esteva Group 4 2B Medical Technology Organic Chemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT In this experiment‚ acetanilide was used as the pure organic compound. Acetylation of aniline and acetic anhydride yields the crude product or crude acetanilide. The crude acetanilide was purified by dissolving it in hot water and then the solution was cooled slowly by placing in
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International Islamic University Malaysia‚ Kuantan campus DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY KULLIYYAH OF SCIENCE SBT 4534 ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR FUNCTIONAL FOODS & NUTRACEUTICALS LABORATORY REPORT LAB 2: FAT & OIL FROM OIL-SEEDS: PART II THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS (TLC) COORDINATORS: ASSOC. PROF. DR. JAMALUDDIN BIN MOHD DAUD ABDUL AZIM ADNAN 1016741 INTRODUCTION TLC chromatography or thin layer chromatography is a type of planar chromatography
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TLC FULL LAB REPORT Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to identify compounds in a mixture by Rf values and to determine the best solvent to use. Also is the analysis of mixtures before‚ during and separation. Possible solvents: Hexane MW- 86.17 g/mol Hazards-flammable‚ harmful if swallowed Melting pt / boiling pt (degree Celsius) - 69 Density-.6548 g/ml [pic] Methanol MW-32.04 g/mol Hazards- flammable‚ eye irritant Melting pt / boiling pt- 65 Density-.7918 g/ml [pic]
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melting point of the compound is taken to confirm its purity. In order to perform recrystallization a solubility test much be completed. Four solvents (95% Ethanol‚ Petroleum Ether‚ Acetone and distilled water) were used to identify which one is an ideal solvent. An ideal solvent is insoluble in room temperature and soluble in hot solvent. 0.5mL of each solvent were added into four reaction tube with 25mg`of pure Benzoic acid. After careful observation‚ distilled water fit the requirement. During recrystallization
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