substances‚ mixtures & polymer molecules. -many products are applied to the hair and skin‚ to keep them clean or offer some protection from the elements -these products are designed to take into account the properties of water and alcohol‚ as solvents‚ and numerous aspects of body chemistry -the different types of chemical substances and how they are combined to make mixtures depend upon their specific physical and chemical properties -types of products used & the ways in which they are
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PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AIMS: To isolate organic‚ inorganic and component from a given sample. To become acquainted with various separation methods. To examine the solubility behavior of the various compounds in a mixture using different solvents. INTRODUCTION A commonly used method of separating a mixture of organic compounds is known as liquid-liquid extraction. Most reactions of organic compounds require extraction at some stage
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to design a sour gas treatment plant using appropriate solvent. Natural gas with a flow rate of 60MMSCFD (2988.27 Kgmol/hr) with 9 mole% H2 S and is considered. If the outlet H2 S in the Natural gas required is 4ppm then using the process selection figures‚ the suitable solvents for treating this gas stream are Sulfinol-D‚ Sulfinol-M‚ DIPA‚ MDEA‚ & ADIP. Sulfinol‚ as known in basic form consisting of DIPA & Sulfolane is selected as the solvent for the design. The process chemistry of Sulfinol is explained
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Lab 12: Reduction of an Aldehyde to a Primary Alcohol by Use of NaBH4Purpose(i)To select an appropriate solvent system. (ii)To synthesize alcohol from aldehyde by NaBH4 reduction. (iii)To identify the aldehyde isomer based on the melting point of the alcohol produced. Procedure(Please refer to the detailed instructions on lab 12 handout)Physical Quantity TableType of substanceMolecular FormulaMolecular Weight (g/mol)Density(g/cm3)Melting Point(oC)Boiling Point(oC)HazardO-vanillinC8H8O3152.15-42
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non-Colligative properties. Colligative properties are different from non-colligative properties because they focus on the dissolved particles‚ not the solute itself. Non-colligative properties depend on the specification of the dissolved particles and the solvent. Colligative properties are properties that depend on the dissolved solutes in the solution. There are four main colligative properties; vapor pressure‚ freezing point‚ boiling point‚ and osmotic pressure. These four colligative properties can be
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any way. No additional reagents were required so it did not generate a lot of waste. 2. Safer solvents and auxilaries (GCP #5) was not used in this experiment since the experiment used a solvent to complete the reaction. The reaction used both CH2Cl2 and CCl4‚ which is not green. Also‚ designing safer chemicals could have been better used in this experiment which goes with GCP number 4. Both of the solvents used are toxic to humans and can cause damage to skin‚ the respiratory tract and eyes because
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or evaporation -7 steps: 1) selecting the appropriate solvent 2) dissolving the solute 3) decolorizing the solution 4) removing suspended solids 5) crystallizing the solute 6) collecting and washing the crystals 7) drying the product - 2 Kinds of Impurities: 1) more soluble 2) less soluble than the main component - impure solid first dissolved in an appropriate solvent when heated - appropriate/ideal solvent = dissolves component to be purified when hot (boiling point)
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exposed skin‚ always wear gloves‚ Wear long sleeves‚ long pants‚ closed shoes‚ and goggles‚ always work 6 inches inside the hood‚ cover chemicals when transporting between hoods‚ report any accidents immediately‚ use Aspirator when solvent is Organic‚ Use Vacuum when solvent is Aqueous‚ neutralize all acids and bases for cleanup and disposal * Write the Mechanism! * Nucleophile- Donates an electron pair (nucleus loving) * Electrophile- Accepts an electron pair (Electron loving)
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MATERIAL AND METHODS Stability of cell membrane using pH For the lab experiment for testing the stability of beet cell membranes using pH‚ many materials were used as follows. Obtaining a beet we punch out cores‚ using a cork borer. After washing the cores we put each one inside a separate test tube‚ and added a different pH solution in each one. After 3 minutes in these exposure solutions‚ we took the beet out with a dissecting needle. Then transferred each beet to a separate test tube containing
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quite useful technique in organic chemistry. A basic extraction can be carried out by applying a hot solvent such as water to a dry substance like coffee. This will allow for the extraction of caffeine and flavor from the coffee beans. Acid base chemistry can be useful in separating neutral‚ basic‚ and acidic organic substances by controlling the pH of the aqueous layer. In acid base extraction a solvent such as ether is mixed with an aqueous solution of a different pH. This will aid in ionizing the
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