different solvents‚ looking at miscible and immiscible pairs of liquids‚ and observing the solubility of organic acids and bases. Reference: Pavia‚ A Small Scale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques pp. 6-‐9 Report: Part A 1) Results in table form Solvent: Solvent: Solvent: methanol
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1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture‚ a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance‚ known as a solvent. Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles are large enough to be seen by a microscope or the unaided eye and eventually‚ they settle out of the mixture. A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance. Unlike colloids‚ suspensions will eventually settle. The suspended particles are visible
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understand the kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride.The kinetic order of reaction was studied under the effects of variations in temperature‚ solvent polarity‚ and structure. It is particularly observed in tertiarhalides i.e. in SN1mechanism‚ Nucleophilic Substitution which is in 1storder. It is basically a reaction that involves substitution by a solvent that pretendslikea nucleophile i.e. it donates electrons. The reaction being in firstorder means the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration
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enzymatic reactions involving para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). PABA is needed in enzymatic reactions that produce folic acid which acts as a coenzyme in the synthesis of purine‚ pyrimidine and other amino acids. In part C‚ Fluorene was dissolved in three solvents. Fluorene(C13H10) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It forms white crystals that exhibit a characteristic‚ aromatic odor similar to that of naphthalene. It is combustible. It has a violet fluorescence‚ hence its name. For commercial purposes
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Pre-lab questions Complete the following questions and submit before beginning the experiment. 1. Which layer will be the aqueous layer when using dichloromethane (methylene chloride) as the solvent (i.e.‚ top or bottom)? Which layer will be the aqueous layer when using ether as the solvent? 2. When everything has been separated in Part D‚ which compounds will be in test tubes 1‚ 2‚ and 3? 3. The partition coefficient of benzoic acid is 3 in dicholormethane
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PRE LAB REPORT Reynaldo Riboul TLC and Column Chromatography October 6‚ 2013 Table of Chemicals: Chemical Hazards Mol. Wt. Density Grams Moles Acetone Flammable‚ Irritant 58.08 g mol−1 0.791 g cm−3 2.0 g 0.0344 Hexane Flammable‚ Irritant‚ Dangerous to Environment 86.18 g mol−1 .6548 g mL−1 9.0 g 0.1044 Fluorene Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects 166.223 g/mol 1.202 g/mL 0.3 g 0.00180 Fluorenone Irritant 180.20 g mol−1 1.13 g/cm3 0.3 g 0.00166
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steroids‚ free fatty acids‚ fat soluble vitamins‚ carotene pigments‚ chlorophylls‚ etc. The common approach for total crude fat determination is based on the solubility of lipids in non-polar organic solvents such as hexanes‚ petroleum ether‚ or supercritical liquid carbon dioxide with or without a solvent modifier. The two methods most commonly used to determine crude fat are wet extraction and dry extraction. Wet extraction is performed with the water remaining in the sample while a common dry extraction
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fluorene dissolves with the non-polar heptane and the polar fluorenone dissolves in the polar ethyl acetate solvent. This phenomenon was illustrated in class before the experiment‚ when it was pointed out why water will not dissolve fluorene‚ fluorenone‚ or transstilbene as readily as a nonpolar solvent such as heptane or toluene‚ or a polar eluent such as ethyl acetate. Those solvents have a much more similar structure to the solutes‚ whereas water’s structure is much different‚ making it not
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chromatography. The eluents used were 9:1 mixture of petroleum ether:ethyl ether‚ 5% methanol in dichloromethane and dichloromethane:methanol:water (1:3:1). The results obtained were analyzed and it showed that the the lipids are eluted by increasing polar solvents. The lipids present in the crude extract were triacylglycerol‚ cholesterol and lecithin. The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the lipids present in the crude extract using thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography. Results showed
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technique to purify the solute sulfanilamide using 95% ethanol as the solvent‚ to calculate the amount of sulfanilamide that was recovered‚ and to determine the purity of the final product. Introduction In this experiment‚ recrystallization will be the method used to purify the solute sulfanilamide using ethanol as the solvent. Based on the solubility curve on the solubility versus temperature graph‚ the ideal solvent will allow the solute to be soluble at higher temperatures and insoluble
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