PRETREATMENT OPERATIONS Classification: * Mechanical pre-treatment * Chemical pre-treatment Chemical Pretreatment: Operations To Remove Impurities: * Cleaning Operations: 1. Desizing: * To remove applied impurity i.e.; sizing material. * Hydrolysis of sizing material (starch) using enzymes. * Starch (hydrophobic) is converted into glucose and fructose (hydrophilic). * Assessment by Tegewa or violet scale. 2. Scouring:
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CP4001: ANALYTICAL & PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY | | Formal Report of the Quantitative Determination of Sulphate by Gravimetric Analysis (Experiment 4) | Maryjo Lee Wei Min 1111107 DBS/FT/1A/01 | (A) Synopsis The amount of sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate by gravimetric analysis. This determination consists of slowly adding a dilute solution of barium chloride to a hot‚ unknown sulphate solution which is slightly acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. A white
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In the Stoichiometry Challenge Lab we compared the theoretical results of the reaction between sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with the actual data we found. I hypothesised that If the mole ratio between Na2SO4 and H2SO4 is 1:1 then when I react 0.5 grams of Na2SO4 (reactant with H2SO4) I should get 0.669 grams of Na2SO4. The actual reaction between .05 grams of Na2CO3 and 5 mL of of H2SO4 produced 0.79g of Na2SO4. When I were testing the reaction‚ I measured out the reactants
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Catalytic reduction of hexacynoferrate (III) The silver nanoparticles were used in the catalytic electron transfer reaction between hexacyanoferrate (III) and sodium borohydride‚ resulting in the formation of hexacyanoferrate (II) ions and dihydrogen borate ions. The redox reaction is depicted as: [BH4] - + 8[Fe (CN) 6] -3 + 3H2O H2BO3 - + 8[Fe (CN) 6] -4+ 8H+ The reaction can even proceed without a catalyst‚ but it has been reported that it is a slow reaction‚ which follows zero-order
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In finding the density of a Coke Can‚ I used two different methods; the overflow can method‚ and the measuring method. The procedures varied in the way I found the volume‚ for I found the mass with a scale in both procedures. In procedure B I measured the volume of a coke can with a ruler‚ however I measured how much water dripped out of the overflow can to find the volume in method A. Each came out with different results‚ but both led me to a similar conclusion. The measuring method came out with
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Name: Date of Experiment: November 20‚ 2012 Group mates: Date of Submission: November 28‚ 2012 Experiment No. 1 ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA I. Introduction Caffeine is a very common substance and is found in coffee‚ tea‚ soft drinks‚ chocolate‚ and "stay-awake" pills such as Vivarin. It can be synthesized or isolated from natural sources. Caffeine constitutes approximately 4% of tea and coffee leaves‚ and is also found in cola nuts and cacao beans. Caffeine is a member
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Lab Report: Nucleophilic substitution reaction Introduction: Alkyl halides undergo many reactions in which a nucleophile displaces the halogen atom bonded to the central carbon of the molecule. The displaced halogen atom becomes a halide ion. | | | | Some typical nucleophiles are the hydroxy group (−OH)‚ the alkoxy group (RO−)‚ and the cyanide ion (−C N). Reaction of these nucleophiles with an alkyl halide (R—X) gives the following reactions and products: | | | |
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Name: Brian James|Date:3/10/13| Exp 9: Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction|Lab Section: 73426| Data Tables: Step 3: Show the calculation of the needed amount of Na2CO3 CaCl2.H2O(aq)= m/M =1/147 =0.0068 mol CaCO3(s)=0.0068*1/1 =0.0068 mol CaCO3(s)= CaCO3 (s)= CaCO3 mol *CaCO3 g =0.0068 mol*100.01 g =.68 g Step 4: Mass of weighing dish _0.6_g Mass of weighing dish and Na2CO3 .72_g Net mass of the Na2CO3 .12_g Step 6: Mass of filter paper
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Effects of Salt on Ice Bill Yongco Angela Enriquez Trisha Co Ying Huang Xu Abstract To be done when IP is completed Acknowledgments To be done when IP is completed Table of Contents Background of the Study | Pg.3 | Statement of the Problem | Pg.3 | Significance of the Study | Pg.3 | Scope and Limitations | Pg.4 | Review of Related Literature | Pg.4-5 | Methodology | Pg.6 | Results and discussion | Pg.7-8 | Conclusions | Pg.9 | Recommendation | Pg. 9 | Definition
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Unknown Solutions Possible Identification + Reason(s). (Document Created by: RED) Example Unknown ● (1) I believe this solution to be Copper(II)Hydroxide because of the following reasons: ○ It has a pH value of 12 and burning it produces a bluegreen color. ○ It produced bubbles when mixed with Zn‚ Al and Fe which are all more reactive than copper. ● (2) I believe this solution to be Sodium Sulfate because of the following reasons: ○ Blah blah blah
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