Unit 2 – Disposition of Toxicants Ch 5 – Absorption‚ Distribution‚ and Excretion of Toxicants Ch 7 - Toxicokinetics Chapter 5 Absorptions‚ Distribution‚ and Excretion of Toxicants © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc‚ 2011 Factors Affecting Disposition • If fraction absorbed or rate absorbed is low‚ may never reach high enough concentration to cause toxicity • Concentrated in a tissue other than the target organ‚ thus decreasing toxicity • Biotransformation may result in formation of less toxic
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dense solvent will be the upper layer‚ while the more dense solvent will be the lower layer. The components of the initial mixture will be distributed amongst the two immiscible solvents as determined by their partition coefficient. The relative solubility that a compound has in two given solvents can provide an estimation of the extent to which a compound will be partitioned between them. A compound that is more soluble in the less dense solvent will preferentially reside in the upper layer. Conversely
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Final Organic Study Guide: Be able to develop an Experiment Beginning to End * Find a good reaction * Good reaction is defined by high yield‚ green chemistry (less waste‚ less harmful chemicals) * Reaction found on Reaxys * Find MSDS Sheet for all Compounds (Reactants‚ Products and Side Products) * It is important to know what you are working with * The toxicity category numbers are there to gauge how toxic the chemical is‚ 4 being most severe and 1 being least
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REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT #2: PURIFICATION OF ACETANILIDE BY RECRYSTALLIZATION Your name TA’s name Your Partner’s name Lab Section OBSERVATIONS: A. SELECTING A RECRYSTALLIZATION SOLVENT | |Solubility Test (cold) |Solubility Test (hot) | |Water |insoluble |soluble | |pet ether |insoluble
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Unit 8 Textbook Notes 12.1 The N2O4-NO2 Equilibrium System When you put a sample of N2O4‚ a colorless gas‚ in a closed container at 100C a reddish-brown color starts to show. This is due to NO2 formed by the decomp. of part of the original substance. The forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate. The concentrations of species present remain constant with time. These concentrations are independent of the direction from which equilibrium is approached. The equilibrium constant
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in order for the reaction to have a greater chance of occurring. Eventually the rate of dissolving will equal the rate of crystallisation. This is the state of saturation. This can be recognised by a constant colour or constant mass. The solubility product constant‚ Ksp is given in the following example: Ksp for AgCl is Ksp = [Ag][Cl] Ksp for PbI2 is Ksp = [Pb][I]2 This gives the relationship between the ions in the saturated solution and is the maximum
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These brilliant colors can be separated another way. This different technique‚ known as paper chromatography‚ separates mixtures in a liquid into individual components. The process of chromatography separates molecules because of the different solubilities of the molecules in a selected solvent. In paper chromatography‚ paper is marked with an unknown‚ such as plant extract‚ is placed in a developing chamber with a specified solvent. The solvent carries the dissolved pigments as it moves up the
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molecule. 2. Trimyristin is soluble in ether and insoluble in acetone. Which part of the lipid molecule is responsible for this physical property‚ the glycerol or the fatty acid? Explain the observed solubility properties of trimyristin. The fatty acids are responsible for its solubility in ether and insolubility in acetone. The fatty acids are long non-polar hydrophobic carbon chains and can only dissolve in other non-polar solvent like diethyl ether because
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technique that relies on the differing solubility of compounds within a mixture separating to form a pure crystalline solid of the desired product. Often the desired compound is present in a larger quantity within the solution. Therefore‚ a pure sample of this compound can be crystallized from the solution while leaving the impurities dissolved within the solvent. Recrystallization is highly dependent upon the solubility of the two mixed compounds. Solubility is the property of how well a solute dissolves
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Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to calculate the theoretical‚ actual‚ and percent yield of the product from a precipitation reaction. Also‚ to learn concepts of solubility and the formation of a precipitate. Procedure: Weigh out your 1.0g of CaCl2-2H20 and put it into the 100mL beaker‚ Add your 25mL of distilled water and stir to form the calcium chloride solution. Next‚ use stoichiometry to determine how much Na2CO3 and put it into a small
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