University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT Recrystallization is a method for purifying solid organic compounds. The process is dissolving the solid to be purified in a hot solvent and cooling the solution slowly‚ this allows impurities with different solubility to separate from the solution in each step. The objective of the experiment was to synthesize acetanilide by the acetylation of aniline and to purify crude acetanilide product by recrystallization. The group determined water as the recrystallizing
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COMPOUNDS Abstract Organic compunds were examined to a comparative investigation to differentiate the properties of each sample. The physical state at room temperature‚ odor and color of the sample were noted by simple observation. In terms of solubility in H2O‚ 5% NaOH solution and 5% HCl solution‚ the samples were classified as to miscible‚ slightly immiscible or immiscible for liquid; and very soluble‚ soluble‚ partially soluble or insolubse for solid. The samples also underwent a test using
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Metals and alloys. Hume-Rothery rules. 1. Three types of metals. 2. Alloys. Hume-Rothery rules. 3. Electrical resistance of metallic alloys. 4. Applications of metallic alloys. 5. Steels. Super alloys. 6. Electromigration in thin wires. Three types of metals Metals share common features that define them as a separate class of materials: • Good thermal and electrical conductors (Why?). • Electrical resistance increases with temperature (Why?). • Specific heat grows linearly with temperature
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name section date EXPERIMENT: Solubility and Solubility Curves Fill in all the information in boxes highlighted in yellow ! Use rules of significant figures; include units with each result. Data Table 1: Experimental Data Experiment Stage Total Mass of NH4Cl (g) Volume of Water (mL) Crystallization Temperature (°C) Convert to: g NH4Cl 100 mL H2O 1 2g 5.0 44°C 40g NH4Cl 2 2.2g 5.0 50°C 44g NH4Cl 3 2.4g 5.0 57°C 48g NH4Cl 4 2.6g 5.0 61°C 52g NH4Cl 5 2.8g 5.0 66°C 56g NH4Cl Data Table 2:
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compound’s molecular structure. The most common physical properties are color‚ odor‚ crystalline form (if it’s a solid) ‚refractive index (if it’s a liquid)‚ density‚ solubility in various solvents‚ melting point (for solids)‚ and boiling point (for liquids). In this experiment‚ we will use melting point‚ boiling point‚ and solubility to identify certain solids and liquids. First‚ we will melt benzoic acid‚ benzoin‚ and an unknown substance. I believe the benzoin will have a small range melting
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two phases. The mass transfer rate of the contaminant into the liquid is equal to the mass transfer rate of the dissolved species back into the gas phase. Accordingly‚ the solubility of the contaminant in the liquid creates a limit to the amount of pollutant removal that can occur with a given quantity of liquid. This solubility limit can be overcome by providing reactants in the liquid phase that react with the dissolved gas contaminant‚ forming a dissolved compound that cannot exit the liquid. In
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Chemical Equilibrium: Le Chatelier Principle By Sarah Ramos and Kristina Todorovic Chemistry 203 DEN Dr. Mohamed El-Maazawi Part A. Acid-Base Indicators Purpose In this part of the experiment‚ we will find a reagent that will shift the acid-base equilibrium reaction described by Equation (2) in one direction and then a second reagent that will cause the equilibrium position to shift back in the opposite direction. Introduction An acid–base indicator
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Reactivity with acids Reactivity with pure substances Combustibility (flammability) Toxicity Decomposition Physical State Colour Odour Crystal shape Malleability Ductility Hardness Brittleness Melting point Boiling point Density Solubility Electrical Conductivity Thermal Conductivity Accuracy Refers to how close a given quantity is to an accepted or expected value Precision Refers to the exactness of a measurement or the closeness of a series of data points Atomic Theory
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although mostly nonpolar. Biphenyl‚ which is completely nonpolar‚ will have similar solubilities as benzophenone: insoluble with water (polar)‚ partially soluble with methanol (intermediate polarity) and soluble with hexane (nonpolar). But with biphenyl (unlike with benzophenone) the solubilities are exactly as expected‚ because of biphenyl’s complete nonpolarity. But that explains any differences in solubilities between the two molecules. Polarity also played a role in the alcohol reactions: water
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It was proved in many studies that using PVP as a carrier for poorly water soluble drugs improves their solubility‚ and hence enhance the bioavailability. Shah J. et al. (2009) reported linear increase in valdecoxib solubility increases and enhancement of dissolution rate as PVP-K30 concentration. This enhancement may be related to wettability improvement and reduction in the crystallinity (82). These findings
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