The solubility of calcium hydroxide Aim: to find out the solubility of a substance that only partially dissolves in water. Method: place about 100cm3 of distilled water in a flask and add about one spatula of solid calcium hydroxide. Stopper the flask and shake well for one minute. Leave to stand for at least 24 hours. Titrate 10cm3 samples against 0.05 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid solution using methyl orange as an indicator. Obtain enough results to calculate an accurate average‚ and then
Premium Calcium carbonate PH indicator Base
Name SOLUBILITY CURVES Answer the following questions based on the solubility curve below. Which salt is least soluble in water .. at 2O° C? 2. How many grams of potassium chloride can be dissolved in 200 g of water at 80° C? IO 3. At 40° C‚ how much potassium _ __nitrate coin be dissoiu$tl ^n 30D.g of water? ------W- ’1 80 70 ...- O --60 0 5© 40 4. Which salt shows the least change 30 In solubility from 0° - 100° C? 20 10 At 30° C‚ 90 g of sodium
Premium Solubility Ammonia Solution
TITLE: Solubility and Thermodynamics PURPOSE: The purpose of the lab was to determine the thermodynamics variables of ∆H‚ ∆S‚ and ∆G for the dissolution reaction of potassium nitrate in water. The solubility of potassium nitrate in mol/L was measured over a range of various temperatures by finding out at what temperature crystallization began for solutions of different molarities. Then‚ the equilibrium constant was calculated and a graphical relationship between the natural logarithm of the
Premium Thermodynamics Entropy Energy
Eastman solvents—Technical tip Using Eastman methyl acetate in cleaning applications Introduction Considerations Eastman Chemical Company‚ the world’s leading producer of methyl acetate‚ offers this solvent in two grades to suit a variety of application needs: Wide formulation latitude • Regular (industrial) grade offers a minimum assay of 96%‚ a maximum methanol content of 2.5%‚ and a maximum water content of 1.5%. • High purity grade offers a minimum assay of 99.5%‚ a maximum
Free Solvent Acetic acid Ethanol
Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Introduction: Nitration is an example of an electrophile aromatic substitution reaction‚ where nitro (NO2) group is being substituted for a hydrogen on an aromatic compound. This is achieved by the formation of the nitronium ion by protonation of nitric acid from sulfuric acid. The zirconium ion is a strong electrophile and can react with aromatic compound such as Methyl benzoate to form an arenium ion intermediate. The arenium ion is then depronated to reform
Premium Benzene Electrophilic aromatic substitution Sulfuric acid
benzene ring that a nucleophile could add to‚ referred to as the ortho‚ para‚ or meta positions. In this experiment‚ the nucleophile will primarily add into the meta position. This is because the starting material is methyl benzoate‚ as opposed to just benzene. The ester group of methyl benzoate is capable of participating in the resonance of the ring. This withdraws electron density from the benzene ring‚ and is said to be deactivating. Deactivating substituents destabilize the carbocation intermediates
Premium Benzene Electrophilic aromatic substitution Aromaticity
Synthesis of Methyl Stearate The purpose of this lab was the convert liquid methyl oleate to solid methyl stearate by catalytic hydrogenation. Firstly‚ we produced hydrogen gas using solid mossy zinc and sulfuric acid. Using the hydrogen produced in the previous reaction‚ we were able to convert the liquid methyl oleate to solid crystals of methyl stearate. A mineral oil was also used to bubbler was used to maintain the hydrogen pressure slightly above the atmospheric pressure and to prevent back-diffusion
Premium Hydrogen Catalysis Zinc
Megan Entwistle‚ Maria Amos‚ and Paul Golubic CHEM 0330 Organic Lab 1 Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone 11/16/11 Introduction Redox (shorthand for REDuction-OXidation) reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of atoms has changed. Oxidation can be observed through the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by an atom‚ ion or molecule. Reduction describes the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state
Premium Hydrogen Oxygen Chemistry
Sarah Muhs ID: 11325862 Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Post Lab: 1. Is the ester group of your starting material electron donating or withdrawing? Support your conclusion with resonance drawings. The ester group‚ CO2CH3‚ of the starting material was electron withdrawing. 2. Draw the mechanism of the nitronium ion reaction with the methylbenzoate. 3. Why does water stop the reaction? Water stops the reaction because of Le Châtlier’s principle. Since water is a product‚ when more is added it drives
Premium Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Water
Objective To synthesis methyl orange by coupling diazotised sulphanilic acid with N‚N-dimethylaniline. Materials (Chemicals) Sulfanilic acid‚ 2.5% aqueous sodium carbonate solution‚ sodium nitrite‚ concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ N‚N-dimethylaniline‚ glacial acetic acid‚ 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide‚ saturated sodium chloride solution Apparatus 50 mL Erlemeyer flask‚ 250 mL beaker‚ test tube‚ hot plate‚ Buchner funnels Procedure In a 50 mL Elermenyer flask 1.2 g of sulfanilic acid and
Premium Sodium chloride Chlorine Hydrochloric acid