of 5% sodium bicarbonate. Combine the extracts and set aside. 5) After neutralizing the aqueous solutions‚ filter or back extract with dichloromethane to obtain the separate compounds. 6) Pour out the remaining ether solution (which should contain only the 4-phenylphenol) through the neck of the separator funnel into a small Erlenmeyer flask. If any water droplets are visible‚ remove them before adding the drying agent. Add a small amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate (or magnesium sulfate) to the
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the second centrifuge tube). Now wash (microscale) the combined extracts with saturated NaCl solution (5mL)‚ then with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate (5mL)‚ then with saturated NaCl solution (5 mL) again. Dry the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Decant the organic layer into a small beaker and concentrate to roughly 0.2 mL by evaporation in the hood (do not apply heat!). If the sample goes to dryness‚ re-dissolve in hexane (0.2 mL). *Set aside a small amount of your crude
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KNES 470 Dr Rubin 4-18-12 Sodium Bicarbonate and Boxing Performance Boxing is a sport which relies on anaerobic power since it contains short-duration and high intensity work. A typical boxing match today consists of 3 minute rounds with a 1 minute seated recovery rest. When an athlete performs exercise at maximal level for more than 30 seconds‚ most of the energy comes from anaerobic glycolysis. During this process‚ lactic acid is produced which causes a decrease in pH levels within the muscle
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compound was then oxidized in order to form (3). One oxidizing agent which could be used is sodium hypochlorite (bleach) with phase transfer catalyst. This method of synthesizing the salicylaldehyde is advantageous because it has a very high yield of 88%.1 It also uses many of the techniques that undergraduate students have already learned such as vacuum filtration‚ drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate‚ and recrystallization. An alternative method in which one can synthesize chiral epoxides is
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In the experiment‚ we tested a sodium chloride solution. Along with the tested solution‚ control groups (water and sodium phosphate) were used to be help understand whether or not NaCl was a buffer. Water was the negative control group and sodium phosphate was the positive control group. If NaCl was a buffer than the pH would be stabled as the sodium phosphate buffer. If NaCl was not a buffer than the pH would fluctuate like the negative control‚ water. During the first trial and prior to the drops
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Experiment 5B: Ketone Reduction Objective: Using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent‚ the ketone 4-tert-butylcyclohexane is reduced to its corresponding alcohol. It is purified through extraction techniques to give the cis and trans diasteromer products. Procedure: The procedure was followed as outlined in Mayo’s book for Experiment 5B with the following modifications: 1. Reagents and Equipment – The reaction will be on a scale of 2X what is described in the text. 2. Reagents and Equipment
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about determining the quantitative amount of sulphate inside barium sulphate‚ BaSO₄‚ using the method of gravimetric analysis. This quantitative determination is done by the addition of a dilute solution of barium chloride slowly to a hot unknown sulfate solution slightly acidified by concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ HCl. The white precipitate of barium sulphate is filtered off‚ washed with water‚ oven-dried‚ and weighed as barium sulphate. The quantitative amount of sulphate is deduced from mathematical
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2. An aqueous solution of KCl is colorless‚ KMnO4 is purple‚ and K2Cr2O7 is orange. What color would you expect of an aqueous solution of Na2Cr2O7? Explain. Orange. 3. Explain why hexane will dissolve benzene but will not dissolve sodium chloride. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound. 4. Some drinks like tea are consumed hot or cold‚ whereas others like Coca-Cola are consumed only cold. Why? For taste reasons‚ these drinks can be drunk if the user likes It but having coca cola like tea
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12-STANDARDIZATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE Standard solutions for titrations are especially pure mixtures with exactly known concentrations. Primary standards are very pure solids. They have the advantage that they can be weighed (the analytical balance is normally the most accurate instrument in the laboratory) and they are stable under laboratory conditions. In this experiment‚ the primary standard is oxalic acid dihydrate‚ H2C2O4 ( 2H2O. It will be used to standardize a solution of sodium hydroxide
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eLearning 2009 Publication No. 91860 Rate of Reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid Rate Laws Introduction The purpose of this demonstration is to investigate the effect of sodium thiosulfate concentration on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulfate with hydrochloric acid. The reaction‚ which produces solid sulfur‚ will be followed by measuring the time needed for the reaction mixture to become opaque. The results will be analyzed graphically to determine the order of
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