printed pages and 3 blank pages. SPA (NF/CGW) T30933/8 © UCLES 2007 [Turn over om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level 2 1 The hydroxides of Group I metals (LiOH‚ NaOH‚ KOH‚ RbOH‚ CsOH) are highly corrosive white solids which rapidly absorb water vapour on exposure to the atmosphere. All of these solids dissolve exothermically in water. The enthalpy change of solution‚ ΔHsoln‚
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J Polym Environ (2007) 15:25–33 DOI 10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review Xue Li Æ Lope G. Tabil Æ Satyanarayan Panigrahi Published online: 4 January 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media‚ LLC 2006 Abstract Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have
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In order to first perform the reaction‚ 1.5 mL of 4-methylcyclohexanol was added to a pre-weighed 5mL conical vial. The conical vial was then weighed to find the actual mass of 4-methylcycloheaxanol. Then‚ 0.4mL of 85% phosphoric acid was added to the conical vial using a plastic pipet. Six drops of concentrated sulfuric acid was then added to the vial using a glass pipet. A spin vane was then added before adding the Hickman head‚ water condenser and a drying tube packed with calcium chloride to
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sufficient volume of deionized water to produce 100 mL. Accurately measured volume of 96.4 mL of solution 1 was mixed with 3.6 mL of solution 2 to get the activation buffer. 2. Coupling buffer (pH 8.2-8.35) An accurately weighed quantity of 0.42 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate was dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water to obtain the coupling buffer. 3. Storage buffer (Phosphate buffer saline‚ pH 7.4)
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Preparation In a dry round bottom flask‚ 1.5mL of cyclohexanone was added with 5mL of methanol. The solution was cooled in an ice bath for 3 minutes after which 0.2g of sodium borohydride was measured and added to the solution. Upon mixing‚ a gas was formed (bubbles). The round bottom flask was removed from the ice bath and placed at room temperature. After 10 minutes at room temperature‚ 5.0mL of 3M NaOH and 2.0mL of distilled water was added to the solution. Isolation and Characterization The
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electrolytes * They are sour * Have a low pH * React with base to produce salt and water The word ‘acid’ is derived from the Latin word ‘acer’ which means sour. BASES A base is a proton acceptor. Many‚ but not all‚ are oxides and hydroxides of metals. They react with acids to form salts and water only and some are soluble in water‚ these are called alkalis. Alkalis are classified by their strength. PROPERTIES * Neutralizes acids to form salts and water * Corrosive * Have
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red cabbage juice. Cabbage juice will turn pink when an acid is present‚ and it will turn blue when a base is present. Anthocyanins are the chemicals responsible for the color change in cabbage juice in different solutions due to a gain or loss in hydroxide ions (OH-). My blueberry indicator works in an extremely similar way as the cabbage juice. In conclusion‚ acid-base indicators will have some kind of change to their properties (mostly color) when in the presence of an acid or base due to some chemical
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We reached our goals through our experimentation. We tested the solubility of each of the starting and ending materials in water‚ HCl‚ NaOH‚ toluene‚ and acetone. We discovered that the starting materials would only dissolve in toluene. To make the soap‚ we obtained about 10 mL of vegetable oil and 10 g of lard and we placed them both in separate 250 mL beakers. While we were stirring the compounds‚ we also added 15 mL of 6 M NaOH drop by drop and 1 mL of glycerol. We then heated our solutions
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Acidic or Basic? Table 1: pH values of common household substances Substance|pH Guess|pH Paper| Vinegar|2|~3| Sodium bicarbonate solution|8|~7.5| Milk|7|~6.5| Orange Juice |5|~3.5| Hand soap |8|~9| Lemon juice |4|~2.5| Questions 1. Compare and contrast acids and bases in terms of their H+ ion and OH- ion concentrations. Vinegar – Acidic with a low pH of around 3. Sodium – Basic – with a higher pH scale around 7.5 Milk – I thought would be basic but it’s actually more acidic‚ around
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tool. Procedure 1. Determination of Reaction Rates • Obtain boiled‚ deionized water‚ pipets or burets‚ and 20-mL beakers or 150 mm test tubes in order to mix solutions for 8 kinetic trials. • Make sure to measure the volumes of potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate with pipets before adding them to the test tubes or the beakers. • For Trial #4‚ acquire
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