different seawater concentrations in 15 minute intervals. The shore crab’s haemolymph ionic composition was analysed in response to a longer term exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions over 3 days. The haemolymph was analysed for osmolarity‚ Sodium ion concentration and chloride ion concentration. Methodology Instructions were followed for both organisms as supplied by the lab schedule. Carcinus maenus Haemolymph was extracted from a crab that had been stored in a seawater concentration of 75% for 3 days
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in Pipet 1 Barium Chloride‚ 0.3 M - 2 mL in Pipet 1 Hydrochloric Acid‚ 6 M - 8 mL in Dropper Bottle 1 Nitric Acid‚ 6 M - 2.5 mL in Pipet 1 Organic Reagent - 1.5 mL in Vial 2 Pipet‚ Empty Short Stem 1 Silver Nitrate‚ 0.1 N - 6 mL in White Dropper Bottle 1 Sodium Bromide‚ 0.1 M - 2.5 mL in Pipet 1 Sodium Carbonate‚ 0.25 M - 2.5 mL in Pipet 1 Sodium Chloride‚ 0.1 M - 2.5 mL in Pipet 1 Sodium Iodide‚ 0.1 M - 2.5 mL in Pipet 1 Sodium Phosphate‚ 0.1 M - 2.5 mL in Pipet 1 Sodium Sulfate‚ 0.1 M -
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The moles of sodium thiosulphate can be determined using the average titre values and its concentration. When calculating the average titre values‚ the outliers are ignored because they are mainly created by errors and their great difference from the titres achieved in other trials will pose a great impact to the accuracy of the final result. n=v × c Where ‘n’ is the moles of sodium thiosulphate‚ ‘v’ is the average tire values sodium thiosulphate‚ and ‘c’ is its concentration
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Grade 10 Science –Chemistry Ionic Compounds Science Perspectives 10 - Section 5.6 Pages 192-195 Compound • A Pure Substance composed of two or more elements in a FIXED RATIO Ionic Compound • A compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non-metal ions (anions) Ionic Bond • The simultaneous strong attraction of positive and negative ions in an ionic compound. As noted‚ ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Yet‚ “why
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Table of Contents Laboratory Safety and Laboratory Guidelines Common and Special Laboratory Equipment Materials and Other Requirements Common Laboratory Operations and Techniques Experiment 1 …………………………………………………………………………..10 Properties of Matter Experiment 2 …………………………………………………………………………. 12 Chemical Changes Experiment 3 …………………………………………………………………………. 15 Classification of Matter Experiment 4 …………………………………………………………………………
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(ex: NaCl) ▪ formula unit= lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound. (In sodium chloride‚ it is 1:1‚ one to Na+ to each Cl-) ▪ Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature ▪ component ions in such crystals are arranged in repeating 3D patterns. ▪ In NaCl‚ each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions‚ and each chloride ions is surrounded by six sodium ions. ▪ Large attractive forces of ionic compounds result in stable structures‚ high melting
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*N36637A0120* Leave blank Answer ALL the questions. 1. Complete the table. Name of compound calcium bromide NH4NO3 sodium sulphite copper(I) oxide PbO2 iron(III) sulphate Q1 (Total 6 marks) Formula of compound 2 *N36637A0220* Leave blank 2. Complete the following statements by inserting the missing colours. (a) When water is added to anhydrous cobalt chloride‚ it turns ............................................... . (1) (b) When iodine is heated‚ it forms a
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determine whether a chemical change occurs when Sodium Benzoate is acidified to Benzoic Acid. Theory: (2 points) Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative found in jellies‚ jams‚ sodas‚ fruit juices‚ etc... Its acid‚ Benzoic Acid‚ is an organic preservative that stops the growth of bacteria‚ yeasts‚ and molds. Reaction: (3 points) Reaction: sodium benzoate + hydrochloric acid ( benzoic acid + sodium chloride Amounts: 2.00 g Sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL 3M hydrochloric acid
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Separating out the Benzoic acid Mass of cup: 2.3g Mass of filter paper: 0.9g Mass of filter paper and dry benzoic acid: 1.6g Net mass of the dry benzoic acid: 0.7g Step 4: Separating out the salt Mass of cup and sodium chloride: 3.3g Net mass of dry sodium chloride: 1.0g Data Table 1: Experiment Data |Grams|Percent of Mixture| Iron fillings|1.2g|30%| Sand|1.0g|25%| Table Salt|1.0g|25%| Benzoic acid|0.7g|18%| Total|3.9 g|72%| A. In the beginning of the lab‚ I thought that in
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solution. To determine if the concentration was just right‚ a raw egg was placed into the solution and if it “just floated” the concentration was correct. Chemical and Reagent -Sodium chloride -Water -uncooked egg Procedure An aqueous sodium chloride solution was prepared by adding solid sodium chloride to 1500 mL of distilled water while stirring until an uncooked egg floated. The amount of salt added had an unknown mass; however the density was determined indirectly by the use of
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