In this essay I aim to describe two theories (Equity Theory and Social exchange theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling‚ noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory about fairness. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity: Theory and Research (Walster‚ Walster‚ and Berscheid 1978). The
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Application of Social exchange theory in social psychology According to Thibaut & Kelly (1959)‚ who are often cited for being major contributors to the Social Exchange Theory‚ they clearly define the theory that “the concepts of Comparison Level and Comparison Level of Alternatives is used to explain how the parties in an exchange relationship weigh their benefits and costs of the exchange relationship to determine their relationship commitment and satisfaction level” (Thibaut & Kelley‚
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Social penetration theory was formulated by psychology professors Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor as their attempt to describe the dynamics of relational closeness. They proposed that closeness occurs through a gradual process of self-disclosure‚ and closeness develops if the participants proceed in a gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of both immediate and forecast outcomes.[1] This psychological theory‚ as with many others‚ is applied in the
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Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Most exchanges are done with an expectation of reciprocity. Reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways. You repay a kind gesture with a kind gesture‚ a tit-for-tat kind of thing. Social exchange theorist argue that the choices we make are Guided by subjective evaluative processes.
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Social exchange theory explains that we as individuals use economic principles when evaluating interpersonal relationships. This theory assumes that people try to maximize rewards accordingly to their investment and that people evaluate their relationships to calculate exactly how much we invest in a specific relationship and decide if our rewards are worth the costs. Based on the satisfaction with the results‚ an individual can decide if the relationship is worth continued investment. Social
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Evaluation of Social learning theory In this essay‚ I will try to evaluate Social learning theory as originated by Albert Bandura. I am going to use three pieces of evidence‚ in a form of case studies‚ which have been done previously to support or contradict Bandura’s theory. I will demonstrate my knowledge of these studies throughout their analysis‚ trying to highlight their strengths and limitations. Albert Bandura‚ a 20th century American pszchologist‚ proposed a very important and probably
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SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORIES OF CRIME "How did East New York become a Ghetto" (Walter Thabit) Social disorganization is a rather difficult term to define. It basically refers to the failure of social institutions or social organizations (e.g.‚ schools‚ business‚ policing‚ real estate‚ group networking) in certain communities and/or neighborhoods (although nothing prohibits such theories from being couched at the "macro" level to talk about all of society). It has its origins in the study
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Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory Describes D’Angelo Barksdale in The Wire Travis Hirschi’s dissertation‚ which eventually became a well-respected and commonly used book in criminology‚ had within it one of the most influential theories of crime that was tested with data and supported with results. The dissertation became known as Causes of Delinquency and was published in 1969 (Kozey‚ 2012). The general theory states that delinquency takes place when a person’s bonds to society are weakened or broken
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Social Cognitive Theory 01 Pg. 1 Social Cognitive Theory Of Learning "Of the m any cues that influence behavior‚ at any point in time‚ none is more com mon than the actions of others." (Bandura‚ 1986‚ p.206) Historical Overview In the early 196 0’s‚ when many learning and instruction theories were being developed‚ Albert Bandura and his researchers recognized that many overlooked an important asp ect of learning‚ the ob servation of others. From this analysis began the social-cognitive theory
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Social Learning Theory and Its Application to Aggression Social learning theory proposes that social learning occurs when the individual views a modeled behavior that they value‚ observes an act if the model has a role model or admired status‚ and when a person imitates a learned behavior (Bandura‚ & Ribes-Inesta‚ 1976). The basic foundations of the theory are applied to education policies‚ understanding psychological disorders‚ training courses‚ behavioral modeling‚ in the media and has a plethora
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