Section: 9 - Malaya Topic: Types of Chemical Reaction A chemical reaction is a process that is usually characterized by a chemical change in which the starting materials (reactants) are different from the products. Chemical reactions tend to involve the motion of electrons‚ leading to the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. There are several different types of chemical reactions and more than one way of classifying them. Here are some common reaction types. However‚ if you are asked to name the
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energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. A reaction may release or absorb energy‚ and a phase may change‚ such as in melting and boiling. Thermochemistry focuses on these energy changes‚ particularly on the system ’s energy exchange with its surroundings. In combination with entropy determinations‚ it is used to predict whether a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous‚ favourable or unfavourable. Chemical reactions can be divided into two based on the
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IODINE-CLOCK REACTION DATE SUBMITTED: 14 DECEMBER 2012 DATE PERFORMED: 7 DECEMBER 2012 ABSTRACT Chemical kinetics involving reaction rates and mechanisms is an essential part of our daily life in the modern world. It helps us understand whether particular reactions are favorable and how to save time or prolong time during each reaction. Experiment demonstrated the how concentration‚ temperature and presence of a catalyst can change the rate of a reaction. 5 runs of dilution and reaction were made
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Clock reactions If you choose a project that explores the kinetics of a chemical reaction you will need a way of measuring the rate of the reaction. Clock reactions provide an interesting way of doing this for some systems. In a typical reaction the first part of a graph showing the concentration of product against time is approximately a straight line (see Figure 1). If you choose any value of concentration that lies on this straight line (say c1) the initial rate of reaction can be found
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The Michael addition is a reaction named after Arthur Michael. Discovered in 1887‚ this is a carbon-carbon bond making reaction. The result of the Michael addition is a 1‚4 addition of a nucleophile to an alpha‚ beta-unsaturated carbonyl carbon compound. A 1‚4 addition is also commonly referred to as a conjugated addition. Another result of this reaction is a 1‚2 addition of a nucleophile. Some of the common attacking nucleophiles used in this reaction are enolates. Enolates‚ a negatively charged
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of the hydrochloric acid and the rate of a reaction. To find this out I will react different concentration of hydrochloric acid and magnesium‚ from there I will monitor the gas (hydrogen) produced and analyse the results. Prediction: I predict the higher the molarity of the hydrochloric acid the faster the rate of reaction therefore the quicker the gas will be produced in the specific time interval. Overview of the experiment: In this reaction two substances will be present in the solution
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Publication No. 91860 Rate of Reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid Rate Laws Introduction The purpose of this demonstration is to investigate the effect of sodium thiosulfate concentration on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulfate with hydrochloric acid. The reaction‚ which produces solid sulfur‚ will be followed by measuring the time needed for the reaction mixture to become opaque. The results will be analyzed graphically to determine the order of reaction— the mathematical relationship
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temperature on reactions between the enzyme catalase found in animal tissue with the substrate H2O2. The hypothesis stated that an increase in the temperature of the substrate would create a subsequent increase in the rate of reaction between the enzyme and the substrate. This hypothesis was tested by immersing 1cm cubes of animal tissue (sheep liver) which contained the enzyme catalase into the substrate (H2O2 ) mixed with detergent which foamed showing a visual display of the reaction. After 10 seconds
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The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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Energy‚ often in the state of heat‚ is involved in chemical reactions and phases changes. Changes in energy‚ can translate in temperature differentiations. In such a case‚ energy is transferred as heat. The quantity of heat exerted in a reaction referred to as (joules) can be identified through the following equation: Heat Exerted= (Mass of Sample) x (Specific Heat) x (Change in Temperature) q=msΔT Within a calorimeter is where the reactions within this lab take place. A calorimeter allows the quantity
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