Chem 3100 Thursday 9am-1:45pm Olumba Obu Unknown #: 146 Fall-11 Organic Chemistry Midterm Report 13 October 2011 Table of Contents Separation of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 3 Extraction and Purification of Caffeine from Tea 4 Extraction of Trimyristin from Nutmeg 5 Conversion of t-butanol to t-butyl chloride 6 Appendix 7 Calculations 8 Literature and Experimental Values of Benzoic Acid and Acetanilide 9 Experimental Caffeine IR 10 Literature Caffeine
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fuel and shortest time) --- strategy of slowing down some undesirable reactions (e.g. rusting‚ deterioration of food) --- archaeological investigations (e.g. carbon-14 dating) --- understanding of reaction mechanisms (e.g. SN2) ~ Sample Essay ~ Chemical kinetics is the studies of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors affect them. Chemical reactions proceed at a rate which is influenced by a number of factors depending on the experimental conditions.
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UTAR FHSC1134 Inorganic Chemistry Trimester 3 Experiment 1 ________________________________________________________________________ Title: Investigating the Properties of Period 3 Oxides Aim: To examine the oxides of Period 3 elements and describe their structure and bonding. Introduction: Generally‚ there are oxides of metals and non-metals. Metals burn in oxygen to form basic oxides while non-metals form acidic oxides. Structurally‚ they are covalent or ionic compounds. You are to
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Discussion/Conclusion In this experiment‚ t-pentyl chloride was synthesis by reacting concentrated hydrochloric acid using nucleophilic substitution sn1. In the substitution reaction the Hydrogen in HCl protonated the alcohol group in t-pentyl alcohol and turned it to a good leaving group (H2O). a tertiary carbon cation was formed. a nucleophilic attach of the negative Cl- attacked the carbon cation forming t-pentyl chloride [7]. As the reaction proceeded‚ extraction and distillation techniques
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1 SN2 Reaction‚ Ionic Liquid (Group – hood) Background Reading Solomons and Fryhle Chapter 6 (Substitution/Elimination Reactions) Techniques: Weights and Measures‚ Reflux‚ Liquid-Liquid Extraction‚ Distillation. Introduction The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile (a molecule with a free pair of electrons) reacts with an alkyl halide and replaces the halogen (for more details see Solomons and Fryle‚ Chapter 6). The nucleophile approaches
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Elimination Reactions ________________________________________ As described previously‚ primary alkyl halides generally undergo substitution reactions with simple nucleophiles by an SN2 mechanism. Secondary alkyl halides‚ often react with simple basic nucleophiles to give a mixture of products arising from both substitution and elimination. As with substitution reactions‚ the rate at which elimination reactions proceed can be proportional to both the concentration of the base and the concentration
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Chem 1B Worksheet #2 Name ____________ Due 1/11/13 (1/6/13 stamp) I. Balance Redox Equations in acid (H+) or basic (OH-) media. Assume ions are (aq)‚ even when “aq’ is not shown. 1. MnO4- + Sn2+ ( Mn2+- + Sn4+ H+ 2. FeCl2 + H2O2 ( FeCl3 + H2O H+ 3. AsO43- + I- ( AsO33- + I2
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c Overall equation: Pb(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) e 0.93 V (under standard conditions) 2 a i Ag+ is the strongest oxidant. ii Electrons flow from tin (anode) to silver (cathode). iii Oxidation: Sn(s) Sn2+(aq) + 2e– Reduction: Ag+(aq) + e– Ag(s) iv Sn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Sn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) v Anode: tin. Cathode: silver vi 0.94 V b i Br2 is the strongest oxidant. ii Electrons flow from the magnesium towards the bromine half-cell. iv Mg(s) + Br2(aq) Mg2+(aq) + 2Br–(aq) v Anode: magnesium
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The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes Enzymes are Effective Biological Catalyst Catalysis- speeds up metabolism to allow production of products. Enzymes- Highly specific and most efficient catalyst that speeds up metabolism or rate of reaction in organisms by factor up to 10^20 (globular proteins) Nonenzymatic catalyst- enhance by 10^2 -10^4 Ribozymes- acts for catalytic activity in RNA’s Kinetics versus Thermodynamics Standard free energy change- difference between the energies of the reactants
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ABSTRACT: The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the attack of a benzene ring on an electrophilic species resulting in the substitution of a proton with a functional group. The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction nitration is used to nitrate methyl benzoate and acetanilide with a nitronium ion. Crystallization was used to purify the product. The melting point was used to determine its purity and the regiochemistry of the products. The methyl benzoate reaction product‚ methyl
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