Classical Conditioning: learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (NS) becomes paired (associated) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response(CR) Pavlov’s Original Experiment Neutral Stimulus (NS): before conditioning doesn’t naturally elicit response of interest . Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): elicits UCR without previous conditioning Unconditioned Response (UCR): unlearned reaction to UCS occurring without prior conditioning Conditioned Stimulus (CS): previously
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Smoking is an extremely bad thing to get hooked on. It not only affects the people that are smoking but also the people around them that breathe that same air. Smoking is harmful to your body and it makes you look and smell bad. Who wants to get breathed on by an ashtray or see those nasty yellow stained teeth… Not Me.. Some people say that smoking is just a bad habit and nothing more. They couldn’t be more wrong. Tobacco use is an addiction. According to the U.S. Public Health Service Clinical
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form of learning. It is observing the behavior of others‚ assuming the same positions and trying to duplicate the same results. Being able to see someone else perform a task gives more confidence that you’ll be able to perform it yourself. Operant conditioning starts off with a neutral behavior and then is either positively reinforced or negatively reinforced. A positive reinforcer is any type of reward system and a negative reinforcer would be a type of punishment. If the behavior is positively
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Whenever he has free time‚ he spends his time with his friends and stays up late drinking. Sometimes he comes to the room with booze and he pees on the floor. I am helping him to avoid his bad habit by using classical and operant conditioning methods. In classical conditioning‚ the conditioned stimulus is not simply connected to the unconditioned response; the conditioned response usually differs in some way from the unconditioned response. For example‚ while my roommate starts drinking he gets
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#4 No Cigarettes‚ No Smoking The harm of smoking is a hot issue which has being discussed in many countries for a long time. There are 1.2 billion of smokers in this world‚ which is one-fifth of the world population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that adult male smokers lost an average of 13.2 years of life and female smokers lost 14.5 years of life because of smoking. Even though people know that cigarette is bad for health‚ they still have freedom of smoking. Nowadays
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INTRODUCTION Many people nowadays smoke cigarette even teenagers smoke. Some people have no idea about the chemical of a tobacco and what it can cause to a human body. This paper is intended to give the readers an idea of the factors that trigger cigarette smoking amongst young generation of today‚ effects of cigarette‚ like cancer‚ heart disease‚ emphysema‚ and chronic bronchitis. By reading this paper‚ a person can gain knowledge about the effects of smoking cigarette. So when a person reads this especially
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Cigarettes Kill Hey‚ do you smoke cigarettes? Do you think you look cool when you smoke cigarettes? Well‚ let me clarify something’s that you are going to regret about smoking. You are not only going to die early but‚ you will develop illnesses. Smoking will make you look stylish to your friends when you are teenager‚ but you are only a teenager for less than ten years of your life. What’s going to happen if you keep smoking? You will be addicted to it‚ and it will destroy your body and make your
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Cigarettes are highly addictive‚ so why are they legal? What leads the user to continue smoking‚ even when they know that it is harmful for their health? The physiology reason: The inhaled substances trigger chemical reactions in nerve endings within our body. This activity increases heart rate‚ memory‚ alertness‚ and produces a measurably faster reaction time after individuals have smoked. Dopamine and other endorphins are released‚ which are associated with the sensations of pleasure and reward
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studies‚ can not be directly defined. Instead Learning has to be inferred from the change of behavior observed in the subject. A more or less permanent change implies the subject has "Learned" the desired response. Operant Conditioning is conditioning a specific subject to perform an Operant response to receive a reinforcer (such as food). An apparatus used to achieve this would be the "Skinner Box" or the "Davis universal feeder" (along with key light and response key) that was used in the Talton‚ Higa
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING OPERANT CONDITIONING Acquisition The acquisition phase is the initial learning of the conditioned responsefor example‚ the dog learning to salivate at the sound of the bell. Several factors can affect the speed of conditioning during the acquisition phase. The most important factors are the order and timing of the stimuli. Conditioning occurs most quickly when the conditioned stimulus (the bell) precedes the unconditioned stimulus (the food) by about half a second. Conditioning
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