and artificial intelligence have contributed to the development of cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is the segment of psychology that explores internal mental processes such as visual processing‚ memory‚ problem solving‚ and language. Cognitive psychology also focuses on information processing and the method of how people store‚ manipulate and use information (Barsalou‚ 2005). With an emphasis on thought processes‚ cognitive psychology also explores and discusses thinking and knowledge
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Content: A. Behaviorist perspective 1. Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner 2. Neo-Behaviorism: Tolmann and Bandura B. Cognitive Perspective 1. Gestalt Psychology 2. Bruner’s constructivist Theory 3. Bruner’s constructivist theory 4. Ausebel’s Meaningful Verbal Learning / Subsumption Theory Prepared by: Nemarose Jane Tauyan Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner Pavlov (1849 - 1936) For most people‚ the name "Pavlov" rings a bell (pun intended)
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personalities and how people describe one other. A new model has been widely used today and often replaces the once popular Meyers-Briggs Type Indication (MBTI). This new standard includes five dimensions of personality‚ a model based on experience‚ not theory‚ personality traits based on strength of score and a stress on individual personality traits‚ not types. The five dimensions were nicknamed the "Big Five". The "Big Five" personality test was established by psychologist Warren Norman in a popular
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present a coherent justification. Piaget emphasized that cognitive development is stage-liked and discontinuous. Some key ideas in Piaget theory are that children are curious and active learners‚ who organize what they have learnt from their experiences via assimilation and accommodation. It was stated that a limitation in Piaget’s theory was the possible underestimation of children’s cognitive capacities. As there are many existing research which challenge his theory‚ it is perhaps of worth to explore
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Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Principals of Sociology Kristina Yvonne Bernal-Marichalar November 4‚ 2013 Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development looks at a person’s progress personality wise from birth to death. Erikson’s theory breaks down the development of personality by explaining eight different stages. As we go on through life our personality is consistently changing according to what stage we are in and what we are trying to accomplish
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Example: (don’t include) Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic: This set of approaches derives from Freudian theory. It focuses on the unconscious mechanisms that drive human emotions and behaviors. Childhood experiences and memories figure prominently in these approaches‚ as they are thought to drive each person’s psychological development. Psychoanalytic approaches are the most traditional; utilizing Freud’s initial ideas about the defense mechanisms and structure of personality. Psychodynamic approaches
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proximal development. Evaluate the efficacy of approaches to teaching and learning [eg. reciprocal teaching‚ cognitive apprenticeships‚ and communities of learners] which incorporate this notion. Many theorists throughout the century have developed concepts that have analysed and explained how a child learns during their schooling years. Educational theorist Lev Vygotsky produced the social development theory of learning. He believed social interaction is the primary cause of cognitive development
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The work of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) has become the foundation of much research and theory in cognitive development over the past several decades‚ particularly of what has become known as Social Development Theory. Vygotsky’s theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition Vygotsky‚ 1978)‚ as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of "making meaning." Unlike Piaget’s notion that children’s’ development must necessarily
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Constructivist theory Formalization of the theory of constructivism is generally attributed to Jean Piaget‚ who articulated mechanisms by which knowledge is internalized by learners. He suggested that through processes of accommodation and assimilation‚ individuals construct new knowledge from their experiences. When individuals assimilate‚ they incorporate the new experience into an already existing framework without changing that framework. This may occur when individuals’ experiences are aligned
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Any childâ€TMs development can be measured in various ways and is always a continuous process. Each child is an individual and will develop at different ways both physically and mentally. The common denominator amongst theories of development is the way in which a child develops can be roughly the same‚ and are driven by the biological and physical development of the chid. I have described the areas of development in a five stage process:- Stage One – 0-1 Years – this is a key 12 months where
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