theory? Agency Theory is defined the branch of financial economics that looks at conflicts of interest between people with different interests in the same assets. This most importantly means the conflicts between: * shareholders and managers of companies. * shareholders and bond holders. The fact: Agency theory is rarely‚ if ever‚ of direct relevance to portfolio investment decisions. It is used to by financial economists to model very important aspects of how capital markets function
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England had to close Barings‚ also known as the Queen’s bank since it was used by Elizabeth II. Barings Shareholders lost $1 billion. The Barings Bank collapse is an example of what can go wrong when a bank fails to properly supervise its employees and their trading practices (Wiley 2010). It had shown the significant role of managers and shareholders. The reason for the bank bankrupt is the shareholder mismanagement and the manager overconfidence. Accordingly‚ the purpose of this essay is analyzed
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* Organizational structure + Principal*-Agent problem Principal-Agent Problem There is separation between ownership & control in most of the firm that we see today. As owners‚ shareholders appoint managers to make decisions for the company. There is another term to describe relationship between them. Shareholders are the PRINCIPAL that appoints the manager (AGENT) to act on the shareholders’ behalf so that profit can be maximize. E.g. Patient-Doctor Managers-Employees
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Corporation Problem: High equity financing company Genzyme has a tradition to be financed with equity. High equity ratio has advantages such as low agency costs related to debt‚ lower financial stress and more flexibility for management‚ which is especially crucial for start-up companies‚ such as in the early stage of Genzyme. However‚ besides losing the tax shield from debt‚ high equity financing leads to an increasingly diffused ownership‚ which would in turn causes problems such as shareholder – management
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directors and shareholders‚ which is basically between the management and the stakeholders. It concentrates on reducing the principal-agent problem in the organization. Good corporate finance is essential in ensuring that companies maintain a strong position in the market especially when they are competitive and deserve an efficient investment environment. Over the years‚ corporate governance has come to be the focus of study for a lot of financial scholars. One of the core agency problems faced by firms
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point the tie in with agency theory: According to agency theory‚ agents (managers/executives) are utility maximisers and there is no reason to believe that they will necessarily act in the best interest of principals (shareholders) unless the principals’ and agents’ interests are aligned. For example‚ managers have incentives to increase perquisite consumption at the principal’s expense. In order to solve this agency problem‚ shareholders need to align managers’ remuneration with their performance in
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Agency Costs and Corporate Governance I Introduction Before analysing problems that occur when institutional ownership and control are separated‚ it should be outlined why institutions exist at all. Therefore‚ chapter two examines why organizations occur in economy. Chapter three addresses the agency problem‚ based on this organization. Chapter four addresses the common ways to solve the agency problem and chapter five gives a comparison over the three most important corporate governance systems
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GE273 Week 5 Good Provision and Agents Task 1: Consider the following list of goods. For each good‚ explain the following point List of Goods: A cup of coffee at a coffee shop‚ Public Good‚ the private market should provide this good B City fire protection‚ Public Good‚ government should provide this good C Polar bears in the Arctic‚ Common Resource‚ this characteristics of the good would make it difficult to be provided by the private market or the government D Clean air‚ Common
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In a broad manner‚ organisational theories can be defined as formal social organisations and their interrelationship with the environment in which they operate. This reading provides insight into the agency and the contingency organisational theories‚ and how management implement these theories into the environment in which their business operates. It also outlines the issues and limitations of these theories‚ using the Coca Cola company as a relevant case study. In addition‚ this essay examines
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two parties‚ where one is a principal and the other is an agent who represents the principal in transaction with a third party. Agency relationship occur when the principal hire the agent to perform a service on the principal behalf. In common‚ principal will delegate decision making authority to the agent. Agency Theory is concerned with resolving problems that may exist in agency relationship; that is‚ between principals (such as shareholders) and agent of the principals (such as company executive)
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