Running head: Cannabinoids Effect On Depression Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System; an Animal Model of Depression Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System; an Animal Model of Depression Depressive illness is widespread and exhibits a lifetime prevalence rate of 16% (Kessler et al. 2003). Depressive illnesses can be characterized by an array of disturbances‚ emotional behavior‚ memory‚ neuro-vegetative functions and hedonic processing. The neurobiological mechanisms subserving
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u03a2 Product Analysis Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate) by Shire INC US Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate) is a schedule II narcotic medication prescribed in the United States for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Currently it is patented by the pharmaceutical giant Shire Inc. US‚ and the drug is in phase 3 trials for approval to treat binge eating. (Pipeline‚ n.d.) There have been rumors the drug is in trials to treat a range of diseases from schizophrenia‚ narcolepsy
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Carbachol = cholinomimetic drug that binds and activates the acetylcholine receptor. It is a cholinergic agonist used for treating glaucoma or during ophthalmic surgery. Choline carbamate Positively charged quaternary ammonium compound Not well absorbed in GIT tract and does not cross the BBB Not easily metabolised by cholinesterase 2-5 min onset of action Duration of action 4-8 hours (topical)‚ 24 hours for intraocular administration Parasympathomimetic that sitmulates both muscarinic and
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families and a number of studies have shown a correlation between the biological closeness of the relationship and the likelihood of developing depression. Biochemical imbalances in neurotransmitters cause depression; most notably noradrenalin‚ serotonin according to the permissive amine theory is a controller and dopamine. Interruption in the transmission of nervous impulses Hormones – high levels of cortisol – overactive pituitary adrenal response AO2-Genetic Studies Gershon (family study)
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Professor Wayne Drevets discusses the relationship of stress and depression (http://www.g2conline.org/2076). He explains that a mutation in the Serotonin Transporter can contribute to depression‚ but only in situations that there was stress early in life. I found it particularly interesting that the same mutation in the Serotonin Transporter would not cause depression in an individual who did not experience early life stressors. This information would indicate that the mutation was not the cause
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UNIT 41- Assignment 2: Clinical psychology P1 Depression is a mental disorder often caused by the chemical imbalance of the brain. The symptoms vary from person to person when their diagnosed with depression. The symptoms are feeling hopeless and helpless‚ a lack of self-esteem‚ find everything less enjoyable‚ difficulty making decisions‚ having suicidal thoughts and harming one self and etc. Biological approach - Depression Depression can be common between families and past onto generations‚ however
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Outline and evaluate the biological explanation of depression. Biological explanation of depression can be explained by neurotransmitter dysfunction. Neurotransmitters such as noradrenalin and serotonin have been shown to be linked with depression. Bunney at al (1965) found that there was low levels of noradrenaline function in the brain of depressed individuals. Also‚ post mortem studies found increased noradrenaline receptors in the brains of depressed suicide victims. When there is low noradrenaline
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of people that commit suicide have some form of depression (Barlow‚ 2005). It has been proposed that the causes of major depression include biological‚ psychological and social factors (Santrock‚ 2007)‚ with most biological theories focusing on serotonin‚ noradrenaline and dopamine‚ the monoamine chemicals present in the brain that assist communication between nerve cells. There are several forms of treatment for major depression‚ such as psychotherapy and antidepressants. In people with mild to
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missing. Genetics‚ meaning that you inherit a genetic pre-disposition to depression or some other mental illness as someone in your close family had that mental illness‚ or down to neurotransmitter (serotonin‚ dopamine...) imbalances in your brain leading to mental illnesses such as depression (low serotonin levels). There is a large amount of evidence to back these assumptions up. Firstly in support of the theory that some mental illnesses are caused by physical defects in the brain‚ there have
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Mourning and Melancholia. Kleinman‚ A. (1985). Culture and Depression. Berkeley‚ California‚ United States of America. Obituaries‚ N. Y. (1968‚ January 14). Gloomy Sunday. New York Times ‚ p. 84. Scicurious. (2009‚ March 3). Depression Post 4: The Serotonin Theory. Retrieved March 9‚ 2011‚ from Science Blogs: http://scienceblogs.com/neurotopia/2009/03/depression_post_4_the_serotoni.php
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