1. How sensitive is Db to s? To N? Db is the particular measure of species richness and it decreases when s (the number of different species) decreases. Db decreases when N (the number of individuals) increases. 2. How s and N affect the Simpson Index? Simpson Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present‚ as well as the relative abundance of each species. In this case‚ a few rare species (s) with only a few representatives (N) will not affect the diversity
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Linear Programming Notes VII Sensitivity Analysis 1 Introduction When you use a mathematical model to describe reality you must make approximations. The world is more complicated than the kinds of optimization problems that we are able to solve. Linearity assumptions usually are significant approximations. Another important approximation comes because you cannot be sure of the data that you put into the model. Your knowledge of the relevant technology may be imprecise‚ forcing you to approximate
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9 Calculating WACC Mullineaux Corporation has a target capital structure of 60 percent common stock‚ 5 percent preferred stock‚ and a 35 percent debt. Its cost of equity is 12.5 percent‚ the cost of preferred stock is 5.5 percent‚ and the cost of debt is 7.2 percent. The relevant tax rate is 35 percent. a. What is Mullineaux’s WACC? b. The company president has approached you about Mullineax’s capital structure. He wants to know why the company doesn’t use more preferred stock financing
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2. What is the maximum price they could expect to pay Monmouth‚ based on an analysis of valuation using discounted cash flow‚ calculation of WACC and terminal value determination? 2. Based on the DCF valuation and using a WACC of 8.25% (the beta assumed to be 1‚ the average beta of comparable firms and the coupon rate to be 7.96%‚ the rate for BB rated companies) and a growth rate of 5.5%. The fair price is $40.4 per share for Robertson‚ lower than the $50 offered by Simmons to sell their
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at 4.5% * JP Morgan has issued an estimate for Expected Market Return at 8.5% * Euribor is 2% * Before tax cost of debt = 5% * Tax rate = 30% Please calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for this firm. 2. You are now asked to calculate the WACC for a toothpaste manufacturer with the following data: * Average share price for last 6 months = €34/ share * Current year’s dividend = €3/ share * Applicable growth rate = 3% * Tax rate =
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Sensitivity analysis is a technique that indicates exactly how much a project’s profitability (NPV or IRR) will change in response to a given change in a single input variable‚ other things held constant. Sensitivity analysis begins with a base case developed using expected values (in the statistical sense) for all uncertain variables. Then‚ each uncertain variable is usually changed by a fixed percentage amount above and below its expected value‚ holding all other variables constant at their expected
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CAPITAL BUDGETING Cost of Capital Evaluating Cash Flows Payback‚ discounted payback NPV IRR‚ MIRR The Cost of Capital • Cost of Capital Components – Debt – Common Equity • WACC Should we focus on historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? The cost of capital is used primarily to make decisions which involve raising and investing new capital. So‚ we should focus on marginal costs. What types of long-term capital do organizations use? nLong-term debt nEquity Weighted
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as the discount rate in net present value (NPV) project appraisal techniques.1 The weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) represents the overall cost of capital for a company‚ including the costs of equity and cost of debt‚ weighted according to the proportion of each source of finance within the business. In easy words WACC measures a company’s cost to borrow money. The WACC equation is the cost of each capital component multiplied by its proportional weight and then summing: Where: Re
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weighted average cost of capital (WACC) to be 8.3%. I find error in this calculation as a result of the following points of disagreement: a) Weighting of Capital Structure: Use of book values of capital rather than the market values b) Cost of Debt Calculation: Incorrect method for calculating debt c) Tax Rate: Use of a tax rate derived from the summation of state and statutory taxes instead of the firm’s marginal tax rate 2. Revised Calculation of WACC: WACC reflects the weighted average
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1. Why do think Larry Stone wants to estimate the firm’s hurdle rate? Is it justifiable to use the firm’s weighted average cost of capital as the divisional cost of capital? Please explain. (10% weighting) Answer The hurdle rate is the rate of return a firm has to offer finance providers to induce them to buy and hold financial security. (Arnold‚2007). This is also known as cost of capital or weighted average cost of capital. The returns offered by alternative securities with the same risk
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