debenture will be issued. Under Section 4(1) of Companies Act (CA) 1965‚ debenture is the document that proves a company is actually borrowing money from the bank but it is not a charge. It can be divided into two types namely secured debenture and unsecured debenture. An unsecured debenture simply means that there is no security being used. It is similar to IOU as it is merely telling that the borrower (company) is borrowing from the lender but it did not tell how the borrower is going to repay. In this
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Chapter-1 Introduction Definition of banks In India‚ the definition of the business of banking has been given in the Banking Regulation Act‚ (BR Act)‚ 1949. According to Section 5(c) of the BR Act‚ ’a banking company is a company which transacts the business of banking in India.’ Further‚ Section 5(b) of the BR Act defines banking as‚ ’accepting‚ for the purpose of lending or investment‚ of deposits of money from the public‚ repayable on demand or otherwise‚ and withdrawal‚ by cheque‚ draft
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I. DEFINITION A LETTER OF CREDIT (Documentary Credit) is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer’s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase‚ the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. • A letter of credit is often abbreviated as LOC or LC‚ and is also referred to as a documentary credit. The parties to this document are usually an applicant who
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Introduction Definition of ’Letter Of Credit’ A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer’s payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase‚ the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase. Letters of credit are often used in international transactions to ensure that payment will be received. Due to the nature of international dealings including factors such as distance
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sales. However‚ unless 3 Suisses agreed to pay Cetelem FF 5 million per year‚ new restrictive credit regulations in France were forcing Cetelem to withdraw in 1981. 1n 1982 after two unsuccessful attempts at accruing a small bank‚ 3 Suisses international decided to create an independent credit company called Cofidis. Cofidis was already profitable in 1983 and in 1986‚ Cofidis went beyond the store credit card business and introduced Libravou. It consisted of a cash reserve that customers could use
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A PROJECT REPORT ON “CREDIT RATING AGENCY” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Masters of Management Studies (MMS) under University of Mumbai. Submitted By SOHEL I. DATRE Reg. No. 06 BATCH: 2008-2010 Under the guidance of Dr. N. Mahesh A.C.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING‚ MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH KHARGHAR‚ NAVI MUMBAI: 410 210 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr
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Credit card‚ one of the greatest inventions in last century‚ is widely used in nowadays. The first credit card that can pay for different businesses was invented by Frank McNamara and Ralph Schneider‚ the founders of Diners Club‚ in 1950. After a long time development‚ it is believed that credit card is one of the popular tools for payment transaction. According to a research in 2008‚ there were around 80% of United State adult own at less one credit card (Foster‚ Meijer‚ Schuh‚ & Zabek‚ 2010). It
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money‚ credit also came into existence. Credit is created when one party (it can be person‚ group of people‚ firm or an institution) lends money to another party‚ the borrowers. The act of borrowing creates both credit and debit. Debt means the obligation to pay the finance borrowed and credit means the claim to receive this money payment from the other party. Every credit involves debt‚ that is obligation to pay money and therefore creates claim. 1.1 Definition of important terms 1.1.1 Credit is generally
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Introduction – What is Letter of Credit 4 4.2 Parties to Letter of Credit 5 4.3 Should Letter of Credit be chosen as the Payment Method? 6 4.4 Types of Letter of Credit 6 4.4.1 Irrevocable 7 4.4.2 Unconfirmed 7 4.4.3 Confirmed 7 4.4.4 Standby Letter of Credit 7 4.4.5 Revolving Letter of Credit 8 4.4.6 Transferable Letter of Credit 9 4.4.7 Back to Back Letter of Credit 9 4.5 Documents Required By Letter of Credit 9 4.6 Governing Rules under Letter of Credit 10 4.6.1 Uniform Commercial Code
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CHAPTER –6 Credit creation by commercial Bank Demand deposits as money Bank deposits are two types. 1. Demand Deposit 2. Time deposit The demand deposits on which cheques are issued are also called as cash deposits or current deposits. D.D are therefore‚ almost as good as cash money the depositor can convert a part or the whole of the current account in currency notes at any time. According to T.T Sethi “A demand deposit is the obligation of a bank to pay a certain sum of money to a specified
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