equatorial plane of the earth such that a satellite appears to hover over a fixed point on the equator. The period of revolution is equal to the period of rotation of the earth with respect to the stars‚ or 23 hours 56 minutes 4.1 seconds‚ and thus by Kepler’s third law the orbital radius is 42‚164 km. Taking into account the radius of the earth‚ the height of a satellite above the equator is 35‚786 km. Clarke observed that only three satellites would be required to provide communications
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Satellite Telecommunications Network and Telecommunications Concepts 360 September 11‚ 2005 Table of Contents Introduction Satellite Communications History Sputnik Changed Everything America ’s Response Future Trends in Satellite Communications GEO vs. LEO Bent-Pipe Satellite Relay vs. the Switch in the Sky Companies Involved in Satellite Communications Regulatory Issues in Satellite Communications Global implications for the
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Satellite communication‚ in telecommunications‚ is the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2‚000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice‚ video‚ and data to and from one or many locations worldwide. Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment‚ which consists of fixed or mobile
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INTRODUCTION For three decades‚ satellite communications have been used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and video broadcasting applications. However‚ with daily technology advancements made in society and the requirement for global data connectivity‚ satellites are increasingly being used to provide data communication links at all data rates ranging from 64 Kbps to 155 Mbps (Buchsbaum). Wireless technology allows data to be sent out into space to a satellite and back to earth to provide
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Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV‚ is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits‚ a service that was‚ until the advent of the PSLV‚ commercially viable only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The PSLV has launched 55 satellites / spacecrafts
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of satellite communication systems have been proposed using geosynchronous (GEO) satellites‚ as well as low earth orbit (LEO) constellations operating in the Ka-band and above. At these frequencies satellite networks are able to provide broadband services requiring wider bandwidth than the current services at C or Ku-band. As a consequence‚ some of the new services gaining momentum include mobile services‚ private intranets and high data rate internet access carried over integrated satellite-fiber
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Satellite Visibility and Availability A Ganesh and R Narayanakumar The satellite visibility and availability is an essential parameter for precise positioning and surveying. Users of GPS must know where‚ when and what satellites should be tracked to attain the best results. The following are the essential measures a GPS operator is expected to know‚ during positioning. The elevation angle: - is the angle from the antenna between the horizontal and the line of sight to the satellite.
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HOW SATELLITE BENEFITS SOCIETY Satellites are used almost everyday by everyone. Even though you can’t see it‚ there will probably be one traveling above you today. Satellites are used for many things such as communication‚ oceanography‚ astronomy‚ surveillance‚ and a variety of other things as well . They help many scientists get a perceptive view at all kinds of objects anywhere in the world. Communications Communication satellites work non-stop 24 hours a day to keep the entire world
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What is a satellite? A satellite is a small thing orbiting or circling a larger thing. The complete path it follows is called an orbit. The moon is a example of a natural satellite of the earth. Manmade‚ or artificial satellites are placed into orbit by rockets or space shuttles. After World War II‚ the former Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I‚ the first artificial satellite in 1951‚ into space. In 1958‚ the United States launched its first artificial satellite Telstar I into orbit.
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Satellite imagery The first images from space were taken on the sub-orbital V-2 rocket flight launched by the U.S. on October 24‚ 1946. Satellite imagery consists of images of Earth or other planets collected by artificial satellites. History[edit] The satellite images were made from pixels. The first crude image taken by the satellite Explorer 6 shows a sunlit area of the Central Pacific Ocean and its cloud cover. The photo was taken when the satellite was about 17‚000 mi (27‚000
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