Batch Reactor Aim/Objective The aim of this experiment is to compare the theoretical conversion for a saponification reaction to the experimentally determined conversion in a batch reactor under constant temperature conditions. Experimental Procedure The first step was to ensure the electrical supply to the rig was turned off and that the Armfield batch reactor was empty and clean. 500mL of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution was then added manually. The pump and stirrer were then set to
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What is Soap? Soaps are mixtures of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids which can be derived from oils or fats by reacting them with an alkali (such as sodium or potassium hydroxide) at 80°–100 °C in a process known as saponification. fat + NaOH ---> glycerol + sodium salt of fatty acid CH2-OOC-R - CH-OOC-R - CH2-OOC-R (fat) + 3 NaOH ( or KOH) both heated ---> CH2-OH -CH-OH - CH2-OH (glycerol) + 3 R-CO2-Na (soap) R=(CH2)14CH3 Soap is a cleansing agent created by the chemical reaction
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THE EVOLUTION OF SOAP & DETERGENT INDUSTRY HISTORY Soaps The washing industry‚ usually known as the soap industry‚ has roots over 2000 years in the past‚ a soap factory having been found in the Pompeii excavations. However‚ among the many chemical process industries‚ none has experienced such a fundamental change in chemical raw materials as have the washing industries. It has been generally accepted that the per capita use of toilet soap is a reliable guide to he standard of living for
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higher fat content of 45.84 %. Moringa cake flour had higher values in all the mineral contents determined. The phytate‚ oxalate and tannin contents of the defatted moringa seed flour were higher than the undefatted flour. Acid‚ peroxide and saponification values were 7.09 mg/g‚ 5.96 Meq/kg and 80.31 mg/g respectively. The lower iodine value signifies low degree of unsaturation and the lesser the liability of the oil to become rancid by oxidation. The defatted cake could be used in fortification
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sulfur-containing compounds.And 0.02% ~ 0.5% of phosphoric acid in cylindrical POTS‚ 60 ~ 90 ℃ under processing 15-30 minutes‚ another amount to 1% ~ 3% of 3% ~ 8% concentration of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is 10 ~ 30 minutes of saponification‚ due to the saponification material than major sank into the bottom of the pot after release called soapstock;Then under 65 ℃ water or dilute acid washing twice‚ put into water‚ then under the 114 ℃ heating to remove moisture‚ dry storage into the oil tank
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soluble in water to form an adequate colloidal solution (1). Soaps are usually obtained by saponification (basic hydrolysis) of commercially available triglycerides (fats and oils) and their preparation dates back more than five thousand years (2). [pic] Trimyristin (glyceryl trimyristate) is a triglyceride easily obtained from nutmeg by extraction with boiling ether (3). Saponification of trimyristin produces the salt of myristic acid (CH3-(CH2)12-CO2Na) (3)‚ which is a soap (4)
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BIO WHAT IS BIODEGRADABLE SOAP? A biodegradable soap is a cleaning agent that can decompose naturally over time. These soaps can help reduce environmental impact when hikers‚ backpackers and campers need to bathe or clean their belongings. Depending on the formulation of soap that is purchased‚ a biodegradable soap can be used on the body‚ face‚ hair‚ hands and objects such as dishes and clothes. Non-toxic soaps can be manufactured with organic oils so as to remain environmentally friendly. Oils
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family‚ Euphorbiaceae‚ established by Carl Linnaeus in 1737. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by George Eberhard Rumphius. The common names for this genus are rush foil and croton‚ but the latter also refers to Codiaeum variegatum. The generic name comes from the Greek κροτον (kroton)‚ which means "tick" and refers to the shape of the seeds of certain species (Gledhill‚ 2008).
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International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science ISSN: 0976-1206 Research Article www.ijcas.info Physico-Chemical Characterization of Rubber Seed Oil (Hevea Brasiliensis) - A Promising Feedstock for Biodiesel Production VN Meena Devi*1‚ P Nagendra Prasad2‚ L Arul Mary Syndia2 ‚ M Rajakohila1 ‚ and VN Ariharan2 *1Department of Physics‚ Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education‚ Noorul Islam University‚ Kumaracoil‚ Thuckalay – 629 180‚ Tamilnadu‚ India 2Department of Biotechnology‚ Sri Paramakalyani
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complex cold process soap making recipes and techniques. CPOP = Cold Process Oven Process Basically‚ CPOP is forcing a hot‚ extended gel phase with the help of an oven. Gel phase is temperature phase. After soap is in the mold‚ the process of saponification can cause the soap to heat up. Gel phase is beneficial to soap because it can intensify colors in the soap. Professor Kevin M. Dunn‚ author of
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