. Update Article NSAIDs and Kidney P Ejaz‚ K Bhojani‚ VR Joshi* Abstract NSAIDs are commonly used drugs. Even with the advent of selective COX-2 inhibitors‚ nephrotoxicity still remains a concern. The adverse effects of NSAIDs are mediated via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid by non-specific blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase leading to vasoconstriction and reversible mild renal impairment in volume contracted states. When unopposed‚ this may lead to acute tubular
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urea or uric acid. Osmolarity is controlled by selective reabsorption/secretion. C 5 types of excretory systems: None in porifera‚ cnidaria Protonephridia in planaria & rotifers Metanephridia in annelids Malpighian tubules in terrestrial arthropods Kidneys (with nephrons) in vertebrates Protonephridia Have flame bulbs‚ tubules‚ and nephridopores. C Flame bulbs selectively filter body fluid to nitrogenous waste. C Fluid collects in tubules and drips outside through the nephridopore. Metanephridia
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-Blood enters each kidney via renal artery and leaves each kidney via renal vein -Urine exists the kidney through a duct called the ureter and the uruters of both kidneys drain into a common urinary bladder -Kidney consists of outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla -Nephron is functional unit of vertebrate kidney -Consists of single long tubule and ball of capillaries called the glomerulus -Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus -Kidney regulates the composition of the blood and produce
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the ability of water to move from one solution to another solution through osmosis. Osmotic pressure refers to tendency for a liquid solution to diffuse therefore moving from a lower to higher concentration across a membrane. As it is critical for humans to maintain a regulated osmotic pressure they are able to gain an isotonic solution which would mean that there is no total loss or gain of fluids or salts into the cells of the body. Rather there is a steady and constant flow of substances in and
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What is a kidney stone? A kidney stone is a little stone of calcium‚ magnesium‚ or uric acid that has crystallized and precipitates in the renal pelvis (textbook‚ p. 988). Kidney stones can be very painful when having them or trying to pass them. Renal colic or unspecified abdominal pain were the most frequent presenting symptoms of kidney stone disease (Metabolic 3). Then followed by hematuria‚ (Metabolic 4) the presence of blood in the urine. Pediatric urinary stone disease is a relatively infrequent
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ensures our body temperature stays at 37°C. Negative feedback: makes sure that all control system changes are reversed. How homeostasis controls body temperature. All mammals have a constant body temperature. This is 37°C for humans. The way heat is lost in a human body is explained in the following way: Volume: Surface Area ratio. This means the bigger a person is‚ the quicker they lose heat as there is more places for heat to escape. So the smaller a person‚ the longer it takes for them
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CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE The Integration of Adult Nursing Practice Sophie Dickens CONTENTS PAGE Slide One – Introduction and aims of the presentation Slide Two – Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys - Structure Slide Three – Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys - Nephron Slide Three – Pathophysiological changes Slide Four - Signs and Symptoms Slide Five - Causes and Factors Slide Six – Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease Slide Severn - Interventions Slide Eight – Implications of Nursing Care Reference
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Identify the Problem The kidney is an extraordinary organ. Without its processes‚ human life would be virtually impossible. It is a very well known fact that when individuals consume large amounts of liquid‚ they eliminate much of the liquid through urine. On the other hand‚ when individuals are severely dehydrated very little urine is formed. This certainly illustrates that control mechanisms in the human being can regulate the amount of urine that is formed. When tap water is ingested
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A kidney stone is a hard piece of material that is formed from substances in the urine and develops in a kidney. These hard stones may often come loose and move down the urinary tract. If it is small enough‚ it can pass through in the urine with little pain. However‚ the bigger kidney stones can lodge somewhere in the urinary tract‚ get stuck‚ and cause a lot of pain. It can also obstruct the flow of urine. This article explains what causes them‚ and describes several different treatments for them
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In 2015‚ about 61‚ 560 new cases of kidney cancer will occur with approximately 62% occurring in men. About 22% of those diagnosed with kidney cancer will die from the disease. Kidney cancer is one of the top ten cancers found in men and women (“American Cancer Society‚” 2015). Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and it can affect anyone. This paper will discuss the etiology‚ signs and symptoms‚ treatments and prognosis for those that are diagnosed with RCC I chose
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