Daisy – Gene knockdown Purpose of genetic modification of dairy cattle Daisy the cow‚ a Genetically Engineered Cloned Cow‚ made using SCNT cloning and RNA interference‚ is able to produce milk without the protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG). BLG is an allergy causing protein which around 1 in 12 infants develop and allergic response to although most infants out grown their allergy. The BLG is not found in human breast milk and it is recognised by the body as foreign and causes allergies. Currently to
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one single sugar molecule. A simple sugar can have a carbon backbone of three to seven carbons. Glucose‚ with six carbon atoms‚ is a hexose (Mader‚ 2010). Ribose and deoxyribose‚ both with five carbon atoms‚ are pentoses and are also found in RNA and DNA. A disaccharide contains two monosaccharides that have joined together during a dehydration reaction. Sucrose is a disaccharide of distinction because it’s the basic sugar we use at home as table sugar (Mader‚ 2010). Lactose is the disaccharide
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organisms into three domains. Three domains of living organisms: 1. Archaea - very primitive; live in extreme habitats 2. Eubacteria - more advanced 3. Eukaryota - all life forms with eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus) Use of ribosomal RNA sequences for classification rRNA is found in all cells rRNA is easy to isolate Analyzed to determine the exact sequence of nucleotide bases The bases are a complimentary copy of DNA Can be compared by the use of computers and statistics F.1.2
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small pox‚ HIV‚ polio‚ Ebola‚ rhinovirus‚ hepatitis‚ measles Can only reproduce inside cells Foreign nucleic acids (double stranded RNA‚ single stranded DNA‚ foreign methylation patterns)‚ reduced antigen presentation by infected cells So viruses are usually recognized by something unusual in their nucleic acids.(Double RNA‚ normally‚ RNA is a single strain) Bacteria Strep‚ staph‚ TB‚ anthrax‚ leprosy‚ bubonic plague‚ pertussis‚ diphtheria Reproduce intracellularly
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between DNA and RNA. 14. What is the role of mRNA? 15. What is transcription? 16. What is translation? 17. What does it mean to say the genetic code is unambiguous? 18. What role is performed by transfer RNA? 19. If a DNA strand is represented by the bases: A-C-T-G-G-C what are the bases that will be included in the replicated strand? 20. If a DNA strand is A-C-T-G-G-C‚ what is the base representation that will be produced by transcription? 21. If a messenger RNA molecule is U-C-A-A-C-G
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Q: Compare and contrast the variety of amino acids with that of monosaccharides and fatty acids. Which group exhibits the greatest structural variability? A: There are twenty amino acids‚ with that there are only three types of monosaccharides; the large variety is because of the constant change in the R groups. The three monosaccharides are fructose‚ galactose and glucose. In comparison‚ there are only two types of fatty acids‚ those being‚ unsaturated and saturated. The group that exhibits
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each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. Polymers such as DNA and RNA are carry information that is passed from generation to generation. They contain a great amount of linked nucleotides made of sugar‚ a phosphate and a base. An array of nucleotides in DNA duplicate into a molecule of RNA inside the cell’s nucleus. Before being translated‚ the RNA navigates its way to the cytoplasm. From the cytoplasm‚ it is converted in to the specific amino acid sequence
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in the form of the RNA. This programs the process of the protein. 3. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. "DNA nucleotide bases consist of a particular code. Specific strands of this code are termed genes." (Simon‚ Reece‚ & Dickey 2010) A specific trait expression begins with genes code for particular proteins. In eukaryotic cells in the dictation this stage from DNA to RNA transpires in the nucleus and then RNA is handled before
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structural genes. Regulatory genes control transcription with positive or negative signal. (Jacob‚ and Monod‚ 1961) A positive signal‚ inducer‚ would stimulate binding of RNA polymerase by binding to the operator gene and transcription would occur. A negative signal‚ repressor‚ would not have any transcription occurring as it would not allow RNA polymerase to bind to promoter. This control of gene expression allows organism to not waste energy producing enzymes not needed. (Murray‚ 2012) The lac operon
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Anatomy & Physiology Name ________________________________ Organic Molecules Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Ions are a. electrically neutral fragments of a molecule that has been split apart. b. polar molecules c. radioactive isotopes that give off alpha‚ beta‚ or gamma d. charged atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons. ____ 2. Sodium has eleven protons. How many electrons
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