phage injects its DNA into the bacterium‚ the phage DNA directs the host cell to make more phage DNA‚ The cell lyses and releases the new phages DNA structure (10.2) DNA structure is double helix DNA vs. RNA (10.2) DNA is deoxyribose while RNA is sugar ribose and RNA has the base Uracil instead of Thymine 4 nitrogenous bases & base pairing (10.2) A pairs with T‚ forming two hydrogen bonds‚ and G pairs with C‚ forming three hydrogen bonds. Watson‚ Crick‚ Franklin‚ Wilkins
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Chapter 12A—DNA and RNA MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria? a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria. b. The mice developed pneumonia. c. The harmless bacteria died. d. The mice were unaffected. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 288 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine b. ribose + phosphate
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acids can be assembled to make proteins. This is the start of protein synthesis. There are 3 different types of RNA: * mRNA (messenger RNA) (Applin‚ D (1997)) states‚ “DNA employs a message to take instructions to where they are needed. This messenger is a substance called messenger RNA (mRNA) * rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) along with protein makes up the ribosome * tRNA (Transfer RNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome’s where proteins are synthesised Since DNA is part of a larger molecule
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organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosome and DNA. 15. tRNA: Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein. 16. mRNA: Is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein. 17. RNA: Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis.
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Recognize the guanine and uridine rich single stranded RNAs) viii. TLR 9: unmethlylated CpG DNA (vaccinia‚ hepB‚ herpes) 2. Both single and dsDNA b. Many DNA viruses transcribe both strands of certain regions of their DNA genomes = self- complementary RNAs (dsRNA) c. ssRNA viruses = replicate their genome by synthesizing full length complementary RNA stands that can form dsRNA by hybridizing to the template RNA strand ix. ***The presence of dsRNA is the
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7.1.1 Describe the structure of DNA‚ including the antiparallel strands‚ 3’-5’ linkages and hydrogen bonding between purines and pyrimidines. DNA is made up of two strands. At one end of each strand there is a phosphate group attached to the carbon atom number 5 of the deoxyribose (this indicates the 5’ terminal) and at the other end of each strand is a hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom number 3 of the deoxyribose (this indicates the 3’ terminal). The strands run in opposite directions
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Updated March 2011 DNA‚ RNA structure and function Why are multiple copies of tRNA and rRNA genes needed? a. These RNAs are destroyed very rapidly. b. These RNAs are very stable. c. These RNAs are needed in large amounts. d. These RNAs do not benefit from the extra amplification step that occurs for protein-encoding genes. e. c and d If you treat mitotic chromosomes with solutions that extract histones‚ what happens? a. The chromosomes become more condensed
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Protein synthesis is the process whereby proteins are produced‚ or synthesized‚ in living things according to "directions" given by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and carried out by RNA (ribonucleic acid) and other proteins. As suggested earlier‚ this is an extraordinarily complex process that we do not attempt to discuss here. Following synthesis‚ proteins fold up into an essentially compact three-dimensional shape‚ which is their tertiary structure. DNA contains the instructions for a cell’s structure
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infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria can spread the infection to other mice. Topic: Concept 16.1 Skill: Knowledge 3) What does transformation involve in bacteria? A) the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule B) the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule C) the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule D) the type of semiconservative replication shown by DNA E) assimilation of external DNA into a cell Topic: Concept 16.1 Skill: Knowledge 4) Avery
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types of muscle tissue. 11. What are the basic steps of tissue repair? 12. What is the composition of DNA? 13. How are nucleotides paired in DNA? What is different with RNA? 14. Explain the process of DNA replication and when it occurs. 15. What specifies that amino acid sequence of a protein? 16. What is RNA? How are the 3 types different in function? 17. How are triplet codes‚ codons‚ and amino acids related? 18. What is the purpose of mitosis? 19. Briefly describe what
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