Week 9: The Black-Scholes Solution And The “Greeks” (see also Wilmott‚ Chapter 6‚7) Lecture VIII.1 Plain Vanilla The goal of the next two lectures is to obtain the Black-Scholes solutions for European options‚ which belong to the type of basic contingent claims called ‘vanilla options’. These lectures may seem a bit too technical. However‚ I think‚ it is important to have at least some idea about how the BS equation is solved for various financial instruments. I will try my best to keep things
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prices. Volatility can be characterized as historical or implied. Historical volatility measure stock price changes by using historical stock price data‚ while implied volatility is a stock’s current volatility‚ which is measured by using the stock’s option price. According to Fischer‚ volatility creates inconsistency in price trends; this results in a situation at which formulas for volatility can be changed according to the predictability of volatility. Fischer identified four factors that affect
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page no Introduction 3 1. Employee Stock Option Plan 4 Advantages Disadvantages Examples 2. Profit Sharing 5 Advantages Disadvantages Examples 3. Gain Sharing 7 Advantages Disadvantages 4. Scanlon Plan 8 Advantages Disadvantages 5. Rucker Plan
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paper analyzing the risk exposure and risk management of a company or industry. Guidelines for this research project are given at the end of this syllabus. Course Subject and Objectives This course focuses on forward contracts‚ futures contracts‚ options and swaps. By the end of the term students will learn how these contracts work‚ how they are used for risk management‚ and how they are priced. This subject belongs to the field of quantitative finance and traditionally it is referred to as “financial
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HEC Paris Financial Markets Spring 2012 Final Exam “Cheat Sheet” 0. Basic Statistics (a) Consider an n-outcome probability space with probabilities p1 ‚ p2 ‚ . . . ‚ pn . Consider two discrete random variables X and Y with outcomes (X1 ‚ X2 ‚ . . . ‚ Xn ) and (Y1 ‚ Y2 ‚ . . . ‚ Yn ). 2 The we have the following formulas for means (µX ‚ µY )‚ variance (σX )‚ standard deviation (σX )‚ covariance (σX‚Y )‚ and correlation (ρX‚Y ) µX = EX = E(X) = p1 X1 + p2 X2 + · · · + pn Xn µY = EY = E(Y ) =
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References: Batchvarov‚ Alexander and Nicolas Gakwaya (2006)‚ “Principles and Structures of Islamic Finance‚” Merrill Lynch‚ European Structured Finance –ABS (8 September)‚ London. Black‚ Fischer and Myron Scholes (1973)‚ “The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities‚” Journal of Political Economy‚ Vol. 81‚ No. 3‚ 637-54. El-Qorchi‚ Mohammed (2005)‚ “Islamic Finance Gears Up‚” Finance and Development‚ International Monetary Fund (IMF)‚ Vol. 42‚ No. 4 (December)‚ 46-9. Iqbal‚ Zamir and
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Problem go to solution Business‚ Finance - Year 2 What is the bond ’s conversion ratio? What is the bond ’s conversion value? What is the bond ’s straight-debt value? The following data apply to Saunders Corporation ’s convertible bonds: Maturity 10 Stock Price $30.00 Par Value $1‚000 Conversion Price $35.00 Annual Coupon 5% Straight-Debt Yield 8% 1) What is the bond ’s conversion ratio? A. 27.14 B. 28.57 C. 30.00 D. 31.50 E. 33.08 2) What is the bond ’s conversion value? A. $698.15 B. $734
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1. Use the data given to calculate annual returns for Goodman‚ Landry‚ and the Market Index‚ and then calculate average annual returns for the two stocks and the index. (Hint: Remember‚ returns are calculated by subtracting the beginning price from the ending price to get the capital gain or loss‚ adding the dividend to the capital gain or loss‚ and then dividing the result by the beginning price. Assume that dividends are already included in the index. Also‚ you cannot calculate the rate of return
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E14‚ Page 549: Solution: You would buy the American call for $75‚ exercise the call immediately in order to purchase a share of Pintail stock for $50‚ and then sell the share of Pintail stock for $200. The net gain is: $200 – ($75 + $50) = $75. If the call is a European call‚ you should buy the call‚ deposit in the bank an amount equal to the present value of the exercise price‚ and sell the stock short. This produces a current cash flow equal to: $200 – $75 – ($50/1 + r) At the
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oyment incomeEMPLOYMENT INCOME Source of Employment Income The basis of taxation on employment income is that income from exercising an employment in Malaysia is regarded as Malaysian derived income. All income attributable to the employment exercised in Malaysia is subject to Malaysian tax irrespective of where the remuneration is paid. Where an employee is required to perform his duties outside Malaysia‚ the entire remuneration is still chargeable to Malaysian tax if the services rendered outside
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