binds to small ribosomal subunit. Small subunit/tRNA complex attaches to mRNA and moves along it to an AUG “start” codon. Large ribosomal subunit joins complex. Initiation must occur in the order listed above. Elongation- mRNA passes through ribosomal subunits. tRNAs deliver amino acids to the ribosomal binding site in the order specified by the mRNA. Peptide bonds form between the amino acids and the polypeptide chain grows. Termination- A stop codon in the mRNA moves onto the ribosomal binding site
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There are several differences between RNA and DNA is that are key. DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar. Secondly b. RNA is generally single stranded and not double stranded. Lastly RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. c. The three types of RNA are messenger RNA‚ transfer RNA‚ and ribosomal RNA. Messenger RNA is the “mirror image” of the DNA that encodes the amino acid sequence for the protein specified by the gene. The Transfer RNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes
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AP Bio DNA‚ RNA‚ Protein synthesis Study Guide DNA Structure Nucleotide structure - sugar‚ phosphate group‚ base backbone structure - alternating sugar and phosphate group directionality (5’-3’) - DNA is anti parallel. The side that sticks out s the 5’ side bases - adenine = thymine & guanine=cytosine purines vs Pyrimidines - purines have two rings while pyrimidines have one ring Bonding - hydrogen bonds Base Pairing rules - look at bases ^^ DNA Replication Semi-conservative replication
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DNA Worksheet Trisha McCabe SCI/230 May 8th 20132 Chandreyi Basu‚ PhD Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. DNA made up of units called nucleotides‚ nucleotides are made up of three molecules components‚ a nitrogen base‚ a sugar‚ and a phosphate (Simon‚ Reece‚ Dickey‚ 2010). The nucleotides are joined together by bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next producing
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Chapter 12A—DNA and RNA MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria? a. The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria. b. The mice developed pneumonia. c. The harmless bacteria died. d. The mice were unaffected. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 288 2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine b. ribose + phosphate
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Cell Microstructure and function Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Chromosomes Transfer RNA DNA Messenger RNA Centrioles Phospholipids Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell Membrane Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Cell membrane Cell membrane is a thin‚ elastically‚ living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which
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Transcription The Central Dogma RNA Polymerase Ribosome DNA transcription replication RNA translation Protein One gene encodes one protein? (Beadle and Tatum‚ 1941) • • • Cellular machinery is largely made up of proteins. Proteins are made up of chains or sequences of amino acids. The sequence of these amino acids are "encoded" in the cell’s DNA. DNA is transcribed into RNA‚ which is then translated into protein. When one gene is mutated‚ one protein is affected (usually
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a polypeptide. (2) a sequence of DNA that produces tRNA’s. (3) a sequence of DNA that interacts with the small ribosomal subunit. (4) a sequence of DNA that is recognized by RNA polymerase. (5) a sequence of DNA that is involved in forming the structure of a double helix molecule. 3. Identify the correct sequence of steps in protein synthesis in prokaryotes: A - binding of large ribosomal subunit to initiation complex B - peptide bond formation C - binding of mRNA to small subunit of ribosome D -
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Protein synthesis is the process whereby proteins are produced‚ or synthesized‚ in living things according to "directions" given by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and carried out by RNA (ribonucleic acid) and other proteins. As suggested earlier‚ this is an extraordinarily complex process that we do not attempt to discuss here. Following synthesis‚ proteins fold up into an essentially compact three-dimensional shape‚ which is their tertiary structure. DNA contains the instructions for a cell’s structure
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acids can be assembled to make proteins. This is the start of protein synthesis. There are 3 different types of RNA: * mRNA (messenger RNA) (Applin‚ D (1997)) states‚ “DNA employs a message to take instructions to where they are needed. This messenger is a substance called messenger RNA (mRNA) * rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) along with protein makes up the ribosome * tRNA (Transfer RNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome’s where proteins are synthesised Since DNA is part of a larger molecule
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