1) Irish Potato Famine. 1845-1849. Called the Great Famine. In the early 19th century‚ Ireland’s tenant farmers struggled to provide for themselves and to supply the British market with cereal crops. By the early 1840s half the Irish population‚ mostly the rural poor‚ became to depend almost exclusively on the potato for their diet. The rest of the population also consumed it in large quantities. A heavy reliance on just one or two high-yielding types of potato greatly reduced the
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Factors of the Revolutions of 1848 In the years leading up to 1848 there were many factors that triggered revolts throughout Europe. The countries involved include France‚ Italy‚ Prussia/Germany‚ and Austria. Tension grew throughout these countries because of industrialization‚ population increases‚ agricultural and financial crises‚ repressive measures and lack of reform‚ and ideological challenges. High unemployment‚ especially among the artisan classes‚ ignited liberal revolt. The Industrial
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What were the demands of the Chartist movement? Male suffrage 5. Which law outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain? Combinations Act of 1799 6. What does the debate about the origins of the sexual division of labor during the Industrial Revolution revolve around? Patriarchal dominance 7. What did the Factory Act of 1833 do? Limited time for children 10 and under in factories 8. What did most early industrialists draw upon for labor and capitol? Family and friends 9. What was the
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countries. One of the key factors of the revolutionary’s failures was due to the repeated involvement by Austria and its imposing army‚ who were a major force in Europe and the world at the time. Led by Metternich‚ the Austrian’s quashed revolution after revolution. For example‚ in 1821‚ where King Ferdinand had granted his state‚ Naples‚ a constitution out of ‘fear’‚ he appealed to Metternich for help‚ who duly obliged as he opposed the revolutionaries because they ‘disturbed the peace’ in the whole
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extent was there Austrian ascendancy after 1848’ Before 1848‚ Austria had almost complete control over the German states and could dictate what happened within the country‚ this was due to their superior military power. Austria didn’t involve themselves in German affairs unless they tried to unify or tried to change the government‚ basically as long as they didn’t upset the status quo they would be left alone. In 1848 most of Europe was plunged into revolution including Austria‚ with Austria busy in
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German states together as a whole. France was already one nation. Napoleon found that by military success through victories against Austria‚ Prussia‚ Russia‚ and Spain he strengthened France as a nation‚ which was not the case during the French Revolutions. Napoleon Bonaparte "was one of the greatest military commanders in history" (see http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95aug/napoleon.html). Bismarck may have not been a commander but he was very skillful when it came to military conquest. He also succeeded
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Similarities 1-4 Division of Each Country 1 The Leading States 1-2 iii. Involvement of Napoleon III 2-3 iv. Failed Revolutions 3 v. Nationalism 3-4 Chapter 3: Differences 4-6 i. Leaders 4 ii. Context of Unification 4-5 iii. Great Powers 5 iv. Unitary vs. Federal States 5 v. The Goal of Each Nation 5-6 Chapter 4: Conclusion 6 Chapter 1: Introduction Both Italy and Germany became unified in the mid to late 1800s after years of unrest
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People lived within kingdoms‚ small states‚ principalities‚ chiefdoms and not within nations. The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. Thus‚ the idea of nationalism emerged in Europe and developed over a long period of time. It was a process that took many decades‚ involved many wars and revolutions‚ many ideological battles and political conflicts. The idea of nationalism emerged among the working-class population and liberal-minded educated middle class
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To what extent was Austria responsible for the failure of Italian revolutionaries in the years 1820-49? Austria had a massive empire in the early 19th century‚ Italy only being a small part. The 1815 Congress of Vienna had given Austria direct control over Lombardy and Venetia‚ and had also put an Austrian family in charge of ruling smaller duchies such as Parma and Modena. As such‚ Austria had dominating control over a lot of Italy. However‚ this was not the only reason why Italian revolutionaries
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Bismarck was more successful at unifying Germany in the years 1848 – 1849 than the revolutionaries because Bismarck was the chief architect of the German unification‚ and he had Prussian support and the Prussian army. The revolutionaries were divided and had different aims for Germany. The revolutionaries were deeply divided over the national question; should Germany be unified or not? They were also divided on social issues and constitutional grounds. The revolutionaries also had disputes over
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