Examine The Key Philosophical Justifications For Punishment ’Punishment proceeds on the principle that there is an eternal distinction between right and wrong‚ and that this distinction must be maintained for its own sake’ (Dictionary.com‚ 2012). In this essay I will examine the idea of revenge‚ retributivism and just desert‚ utilitarianism and deterrence and finally restorative approaches as the key philosophical justifications for punishment. The aim of this essay will be to argue that there
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Animal Rights Throughout history morality has been a topic of intense debate. Innumerable thinkers have devoted immense amounts of time and energy to the formulation of various ethical theories intended to assist humans in their daily lives. These theories set out guidelines which help to determine the rightness or wrongness of any given action and can therefore illuminate which choice would be morally beneficial. And while many of these theories differ substantially‚ most have at least one common
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classification of one’s actions. In Mill’s Utilitarianism‚ he examines what determines an action to be considered right or wrong‚ his own version of the hedonistic utilitarianism argument. He claims that these qualities‚ including the quantity‚ are an important factor in determining‚ when included in the consequences‚ the criteria of an action. The consequences are significant in determining the results of one’s actions. In the argument of utilitarianism‚ if the consequences of an action are good
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(3) attributes that you believe make this defendant the perfect candidate for this type of probation. 3.Defend or critique the strategy of matching the inmate to the correctional facility as a response to the legal concept of cruel and unusual punishment. Provide a rationale for your position with concrete examples. 4.Defend or critique whether programs and amenities geared to making prison life effective—which run the gamut from hiring extra officers‚ to counseling and therapy‚ to building a garden—are
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Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) developed his ethical system of utilitarianism around the idea of pleasure. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) later furthered and many believe he improved Bentham’s theory (Mill is often linked to Rule Utilitarianism) but still followed many of his original ideas. The theory is based on ancient hedonism‚ which pursued physical pleasure and avoided physical pain. Hedonism saw human beings as “Under the governance of two sovereign masters of pain and pleasure.” So a key concept
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The Significance of Lazarus’s Resurrection In the Russian novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky‚ the main character‚ Raskalnikov goes through a vast time period of great psychological turmoil. When comparing and contrasting this death and reincarnation of his consciousness and mind to the biblical tale of Lazarus’s resurrection‚ the author not only highlights the extremeness of the crimes he has committed‚ but also touches on the importance of recognizing one’s guilt. This theme of reconciliation
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Criticisms of Utilitarianism Though there are many supporters of utilitarianism given the fact that this theory prioritizes the benefits of the happiness and satisfaction of the majority not the minority‚ there are some philosophers and scholar who critique its implications. - Distastefulness: The argument from distaste is often expressed as a suggestion that utilitarianism doesn’t provide enough support for individuals’ rights. It says that just in order to achieve its goal‚ utilitarianism won’t
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Raskolnikov’s article‚ "On Crime‚" is vital to the understanding of his beliefs. This article also has a profound effect on Crime and Punishment as a whole‚ the subject matter being one of the main themes of the novel. The idea of the "extraordinary man" is referred to literally throughout the book‚ but also notable is the subconscious effect the idea has on Raskolnikov. Sometimes Raskolnikov is not even aware of this influence. It is important to note originality‚ or the ability to "utter a new
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Sabina Leng Outline the important features of utilitarianism (21 marks) The theory of utilitarianism determines the rightness or wrongness of an action by its consequence. The theory uses a teleological approach where it primarily focuses on the amount of pain or pleasure created as the result of a given action. As such‚ it moves beyond the scope of one’s own interests and takes into account the interests of others. Utilitarianism is a relativist system of which most versions do not set out
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Utilitarianism Act means to do the right action that will benefit a good amount of people over any other option. In the two examples I read from Bernard Williams “A Critique of Utilitarianism” I realized those were two difficult choices these two men had to make. However‚ if we follow the Utilitarianism Act‚ George would of taken the job offer and Jim would unfortunately sacrifice one of the protestors to save the rest. By George taking the job offer‚ it would benefit his family financially and also
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