Classification of receptors: -Stimulus modality: sensation it produces Thermoreceptors: heat and cold. Photoreceptors: eyes‚ light. Chemoreceptors: chemicals‚ odors‚ taste‚ body fluid composition. Nociceptors: pain receptors. Mechanoreceptors: hearing‚ physical deformation of a cell or tissue caused by vibration‚ touch‚ pressure and stretch. -Origin of the stimulus Exteroceptors: sense stimuli external to the boy. They include the receptors for vision‚ hearing‚ taste‚ cutaneous sensation
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Chapter 15 The Special Senses Olfaction A. 1. Olfactory epithelium Specialized cells lining the olfactory recess 2. Olfactory bulbs (#1) Axons of olfactory neurons project through the cribriform plate (#1) to these structures Where the olfactory nerves synapse with mitral & tufted cells 3. Olfactory vesicles bulbous enlargements of the dendrites of olfactory neurons 4. Olfactory hairs Have chemoreceptors (#5) that bind to odorants‚ resulting in action potential production 5. Basal cells
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Retinitis Pigmentosa Retinitis Pigmentosa is the name given to a group of inherited eye disorders that affect the retina. The retina has rod shaped cells responsible for night vision and seeing in the dim light. The cone-shaped cells are responsible for color vision and brightness Retinitis Pigmentosa has been proven to be progressive‚ destructive‚ hereditary disease that reduces the function of rod-shaped cells. Retinitis Pigmentosa can eventually lead to severe vision loss and blindness
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2013 Lecture -The function of the eye is to convert photons of light into action potentials (nerve impulses). -The inner layer is a nervous tunic (made out of nerve cells)=retina. -Refraction: Bends light. -The purpose of the cornea and the lens is to take an object and focus every little detail of the object on the retina on the back of the lens. Upside down and backwards. -When light goes through medias‚ it bends. -Lens are suspended by ligaments behind the pupil. Suspensory ligaments. -Aqueous
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brain process nerve impulses in several individual systems at the same time. Color vision is based on two processes or theories; trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory states there are 3 kinds of cones in the retina‚ to which each is responsive to a certain range of colors. The opponent-process theory suggests pairs of different types of cells in the eye that work in opposition of each other. Both theories are at work in allowing a person to see color. The
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The retina is a layer of tissue inside of the eye. It is responsible for sending message from the optic nerve to the brain. If the retina detaches‚ then it will be pulled or lifted from its normal position. Permanent vision loss can result if this problem is not corrected right away. The retina is attached to vitreous‚ which is a gel-like substance. The vitreous becomes more watery and thinner as we age. The change in shape can cause the vitreous to pull away from the retina. As a result of this
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3 Sensation and Perception Key: Answer‚ Page‚ Type‚ Learning Objective‚ Level Type A=Applied C=Conceptual F=Factual Level (1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult LO=Learning Objective SG=Used in Study Guide p=page MULTIPLE CHOICE The ABCs of Perception Learning Objective- 3.1 What is sensation and how does it enter the central nervous system? 1. ______ are the raw data of experience‚ based on the activation of certain receptors located in the various sensory organs. a)
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times‚ eye muscle surgery is necessary to straighten the eyes. RETINAL DETACHMENT:The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of our eye. Light rays are focused onto the retina through our cornea‚ pupil and lens. The retina converts the light rays into impulses that travel through the optic nerve to our brain‚ where they are interpreted as the images we see. A healthy‚ intact retina is key to
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various defects or missing links along the brain’s image processing pathway and provide some form of artificial sight. We will discuss about the various development of artificial vision system‚ the concepts of artificial silicon retina‚ MARC (multiple artificial silicon retina chipset)‚and finally advancements and scope of this in future. ORIGIN OF ARTIFICIAL VISION: Artificial-vision researchers has taken inspiration from another device‚ the cochlear implant‚ which has successfully restored hearing
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) Lens: The lens is positioned behind the cornea. It has a nearly spherical structure that enables the eye to focus on an object either moving closer to or farther away from you‚ the lens focuses the light rays bouncing of the objects and onto the retina. It’s used to diffract light rays. It can only be damaged by a disease called”cataract”. The cataract causes clouding. lateral rectus muscle: This is one of six extraocular muscles that moves the eye all directions(left‚ right‚ up‚ down). Sclera:
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