economics and business decision-making‚ sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs‚ which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note‚ however‚ that many economists consider
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supplier must ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer‚ what is the effect on the cost of quality to the customer? Cost of quality is the cost associated with the quality of a work product. As defined by Crosby in his "Quality Is Free"‚ Cost Of Quality (COQ) has two main components: Cost Of Conformance and *Cost Of Non-Conformance. Another view is that cost of quality is the amount of money a business loses because its product or service is not done right in the first
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detrimental to the company‚ should be the last resort Layoffs are done to save money. Unfortunately‚ they are usually a short term fix‚ detrimental to the company. So why do so many companies persist in using layoffs as a first choice for cutting costs‚ and what are some of the alternatives. Sometimes things don’t work out as forecast. Clients delay purchases. Suppliers raise prices. Competitors steal market share. Quarterly‚ at least in the US‚ companies have to face the forecasts they made.
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Cost leadership Strategy Strategy used by businesses to create a low cost of operation within their niche. The use of this strategy is primarily to gain an advantage over competitors by reducing operation costs below that of others in the same industry. For example‚ The Swedish furniture retailer Ikea revolutionized the furniture industry by offering cheap but stylish furniture. Ikea is able to keep its prices low by sourcing its products in low-wage countries and by offering a very basic level
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distributors may be: * Increasing the efficiency of the supply chain in terms of the time that is taken by the product to reach the customers by removing one intermediate. * From customer’s point of view a faster service could be achieved on a lower cost by removing the margin that the distributors enjoyed. Aforesaid reasons seem to be correct keeping the customers in perspective. But supply chain consists of various components including suppliers‚ manufacturers ‚logistics ‚distributors ‚retailers
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rapid cost reduction and/or revenue generation. Managers must prioritise things that give quick and significant improvements. Although used interchangeably‚ restructure is different from turnaround. Operational Turnaround The focus is on ways of improving the operation of the business and designed to halt the decline. Strategic Turnaround The focus is on adjusting the strategic focus of the business in terms of its Product/Market profile and halt the decline. Cost Reduction
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HRM in Indigenous and MNCs in the current recession. Ireland has one of the most globalised economies in the world. One of its main attributes is the prioritising the attraction and retention of FDI through a combination of incentives‚ particularly low corporation tax and liberalised trade policies. The success of this policy is manifest in the large numbers of MNCs located there and its status as one of the world’s most FDI-intensive economies (Barry‚ 2007; Rios-Morales and Brennan‚ 2009). Ireland
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Cannella‚ A‚‚ W‚ Shen‚ (2001)‚ “So close and yet so far: Promotion versus exit for CEO heirs apparent”‚ Acad. Management J. 44‚ 252-271 15 16. Cascio‚ W. F. (2002). “Strategies for responsible restructuring”. Academy of Management Executive‚ 16(3)‚ 80_91. 17. Cascio‚ W‚ F‚ (2002)‚ “Responsible Restructuring: Creative and Profitable Alternatives to Layoffs”. Berrett-Koehler‚ San Fransisco‚ CA 18 19. Charness‚ G‚‚ D‚ I‚ Levine‚ (2000)‚ “When are layoffs acceptable? Evidence from a quasi-experiment”
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Cost Classifications for Decision-Making. Every decision involves choosing from among at least two alternatives. Only those costs and benefits that differ between alternatives are relevant in making the selection. This concept is explored in greater detail in the chapter on relevant costs. However‚ decision-making contexts crop up from time to time in the text before that chapter‚ so it is a good idea to familiarize students with relevant cost concepts. 1. Differential Costs. A differential cost
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Cost of Quality (COQ) "The cost of quality." It’s a term that’s widely used – and widely misunderstood. The "cost of quality" isn’t the price of creating a quality product or service. It’s the cost of NOT creating a quality product or service. Every time work is redone‚ the cost of quality increases. Obvious examples include: The reworking of a manufactured item. The retesting of an assembly. The rebuilding of a tool. The correction of a bank statement. The reworking of a service‚ such as
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