THE NEWBORN WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS A preterm infant is usually defined as a live-born infant born before the end of week 37 of gestation; another criterion is a weight of less than 2‚500 grams (5lb 8oz) at birth I. INCIDENCE Occurs approximately 7% of live births of white infants‚ in Afro-American infants the rate is doubled 14% (Thilo & Rosenberg‚ 2003) CAUSES/FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PRETERM BIRTHS 1. Low socio-economic status 2. Poor nutritional status 3. Lack of prenatal care 4
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medications: * Atorvastin for cholesterol * Bedofen for muscle spasm‚ * dantrium for spasticity‚ * Famotidine for GERD‚ * Depakote for seizures. Blood gas and X-ray was ordered and the ABG result reveal “A PARTIALLY COMPENSATED RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS WITH MODERATE HYPOXEMIA. PH 7.31‚ PCO2 65‚ HCO3 34.2‚ Pa02 50‚ Sp02 83.5%. The first X-ray shows no active disease. However‚ repeat x-ray 3 hours later showed complete opacification of the right lung and right upper lobe atelectasis. posteroanterior
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Thermoregulation is a critical physiological function that is closely associated with the neonate’s survival. Extremely low birth weight infants have inefficient thermoregulation due to immaturity and care giver procedures such as umbilical line insertions‚ intubations‚ and chest xrays can lead to heat loss as well. As a result‚ infants may exhibit cold body temperatures after birth and during their first 12 hours of life. Thermoregulation plays a unique and crucial role in the nurturing and development
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successful in breathing this way for a little while‚ what are some of the differences‚ he will experience compared to normal breathing? (HINT: Think about dead space) Question 3: Diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances‚ including acidosis. The pH imbalance is due to ketoacidosis‚ which results from excessive accumulation of by-products of fat metabolism‚ as the body cannot meet energy needs from carbohydrate metabolism. Sally is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not taking
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Chapter 2). 3. Oxygen by facemask in severe cases. In cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome‚ intubation and ventilatory support is required‚ and hydrotherapy‚ if required. 4. If blood pressure is not controlled with fluid replacement‚ Inj. Dopamine infusion in 5% Dextrose 2-5 mcg/kg/min and dose titrated according to clinical and haemodynamic response (for details see section on Shock). 5. In case of shock‚ acidosis is corrected by IV Sodium bicarbonate 50-100 mEq in normal saline. 6
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often used by athletes such as wrestlers‚ who need to meet weight restrictions. Many stimulants also have secondary diuretic effect.The main adverse effects of diuretics are hypovolemia‚ hypokalemia‚ hyperkalemia‚ hyponatremia‚ metabolic alkalosis‚ metabolic acidosis and hyperuricemia. Anabolic Steroids- Anabolic steroids‚ technically known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS)‚ are drugs that have similar effects to testosterone in the body. Anabolic steroids can cause many adverse effects. Depending
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peripheral vascular disease. His arterial blood gas (ABG) values are pH = 7.32‚ PaCO2 = 60 mm Hg‚ PaO2 = 50 mm Hg‚ HCO3 - = 30 mEq/L. His hematocrit is 52% with normal red cell indices. He is taking an inhaled ß agonist and theophylline to manage his respiratory condition. At his clinic visit‚ it is noted that R.S. has an area of consolidation in his right lower lobe thought to be consistent with pneumonia. Discussion Questions 1. In what position would R.S. have the worst ventilation-perfusion matching
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abnormalities; thrombocytopenia; altered mental status; renal‚ liver‚ or cardiac failure; or hypo-perfusion with lactic acidosis. Septic shock is defined as sepsis-induced hypotension with lower than 90 mm Hg or reduction by 40 mm Hg or more from baseline in the absence of other causes‚ persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation‚ along with signs of organ hypo-perfusion‚ such as lactic acidosis‚ oliguria‚ or acute alteration in mental status. The transition from sepsis to septic shock occurs most often
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tidal CO2 production which is an early sign‚ tachycardia‚ tachypnea‚ trunk or total body rigidity‚ masseter (jaw) muscle rigidity after succinylcholine which occurs commonly in children‚ marked temperature elevation (maybe a late sign)‚ respiratory and metabolic acidosis‚ myoglobinuria(MHAUS‚ 2011). If left untreated the patient will experience cardiac arrest‚ kidney failure‚ blood coagulation problems‚ internal hemorrhage‚ and possibly death (slideshare‚ 2010) Nursing Assessment Nurses taking care
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normal adults‚ arterial blood gas levels include PaCO2 36-44 mmHg‚ HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L‚ and pH 7.35-7.45. With that being said‚ RS has increased levels of PaCO2 and HCO3- with a decreased pH level thus leading to the conclusion that RS is in respiratory acidosis. His PaCO2 level is increased because of impaired gas exchange‚ and HCO3-
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