Lab 7: The Kidney’s Role in Fluid Balance Introduction The renal system performs a vital role in homeostasis. The kidneys’ ability to retain valuable constituents and expel metabolic wastes from the body enables this system to regulate the volume‚ osmolarity‚ and pH of body’s internal fluid environment (Sherwood‚ 2007‚ p. 511). The functional unit of the kidney‚ referred to as the nephron‚ is composed of both tubular components—Bowman’s capsule proximal tubule‚ loop of Henle‚ the distal tubule
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result in extensive renal vasoconstriction and a marked decrease in GFR. In the early stages of hepatic disease‚ systemic and renal hemodynamic variations are found while kidney function tests are normal. The dynamic monitoring of haemodynamic changes in the kidney are important for determining renal blood flow and predicting the development of HRS in patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension (Wang et al.‚ 2011). Duplex Doppler waveform analysis of intra-renal arterial vessels resembles
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Cardiac Catheterization and Kidney Function In many hospitals‚ the use of cardiac catheterization is used to determine if a patient has occluded arteries or grafts. This procedure saves many lives every day and helps prevent myocardial infarctions in many cases. The procedure itself is rather simple and safe for the most part‚ but one thing that many fail to realize is how hard the procedure is on kidney function due to the dye used intra-procedure. According to the NIH‚ kidney damage caused by
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Review Renal Overview: * Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates renal blood flow. * ACUTE RENAL FAILURE -rapid decline in renal function with progressive azotemia. * AZOTEMIA An excess of metabolic waste products in the blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine * OLIGURIA Urine Volume less than 400CC/24 hours for a non-trauma‚ non-surgical adult. * ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS (ATN) Clinical syndrome of ARF secondary to ischemia or toxic injury to the renal tubules
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Advanced Pathophysiology & Health Assessment NUR5703 2011 Pre-course Learning Objectives: Fluids and Electrolytes: 1. Identify and describe the composition of the fluid compartments within the body Either Intracellular fluid (ICF- 2/3 of the body’s water) or extracellular fluid (ECF -one third of the body’s water). The two main extracellular fluid compartments are the interstitial fluid and the intravascular fluid‚ which is the blood plasma. Other ECF compartments include the lymph and
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Organization of the Urinary System‚ Clearance‚ GFR‚ and Renal Blood Flow Jamie Mitchell‚ MSc‚ PhD Physiol 210 Distribution of CO Renin Basement Membrane 3 Basic Renal Functions: Assessing Renal Function: Renal Clearance • Clearance measurements - compare the rate at which the glomeruli filter a substance (water or a solute) with the rate at which the kidneys excrete it into the urine • The “virtual” volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the
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some clinical chemistry tests in medicine. The Clinical Chemistry department is involved in the study and measurement of chemical substances in blood and other body fluids (Pitocco). With just a small amount of whole blood or serum‚ many body systems can be analyzed. The results of these measurements and observations are relevant to the causes and extent of diseases. Clinical chemistry is the application of biochemical scientific knowledge and techniques for medical testing and using those results
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figure to the left gives an example of a risk assessment tool used in the Southern Health and Social Care Trust. [5] AKI in surgical patients is common. Recognising patients at high risk will allow actions to be taken to reduce incidence of renal injury and promote renal recovery as soon as possible. [5] Optimisation of fluid balance Patients at risk should have their fluid volume status carefully monitored including fluid depletion and fluid overload. If fluid depletion is high‚ and oral intake is low
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Levetiracetam Levetiracetam is probably a major breakthrough in the treatment of epilepsies. It is a highly effective‚ broad-spectrum‚ one of second generation AED with a unique mechanism of action. Chemical structure: Levetiracetam is a single enantiomer‚ (S)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide. Its molecular formula is C8H14N2O2 and its molecular weight is 170.21. It is chemically unrelated to any of the other antiepileptic drugs. It is a white to off-white powder with a faint odor and bitter
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BCMB 230 Final exam Fall 2011 1. Nephrons that control plasma volume are: a. cortical b. juxtamedullary c. juxtaglomerular d. both a and c 1. Hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide bound to it is called: a. Oxyhemoglobin b. deoxyhemoglobin c. carbaminohemoglobin d. hematopoietic 1. Urine moves from the kidney to the bladder by: a. collecting duct b. distal convoluted tubule c. descending loop of Henle d. capsular space 1. Nephrons with a short loop
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