4: Attention and Consciousness Cognitive Psychology‚ Sixth Edition‚ Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 4 Some Questions of Interest • What are some of the functions of attention? • What are some theories to explain attentional processes? • Can we actively process information‚ even if we are not aware of doing so? Cognitive Psychology‚ Sixth Edition‚ Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 4 Main Functions of Attention 1. 2. 3. 4. Signal detection and vigilance Search Selective attention Divided attention Cognitive
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Attention to detail is one of the most important aspects of a good soldier‚ a good officer and a good leader. The smallest of details are often the ones that can threaten the success of a mission‚ and can mean the difference between life and death. Many people can happily go about their lives with no worries about the small aspects of life that those in the military have been trained to observe. The United States military is an established institution with a history that goes back hundreds of years
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advancing of technology and easy access of the internet. In the following essay the merits and pitfalls of being able to access large amounts of information from the internet will be discussed as well as trying to avoid the downside of operating in an “attention economy”. The internet has many advantages. Firstly on a social level‚ websites such as facebook‚ Twitter and MySpace‚ have allowed for people all over the world to be connected. It is a cheap‚ fast and easy way of communicating. More and more
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is selective attention. When on the mound during a softball game‚ I selectively pay attention to the pitch I am about the throw and how I’m going to go about that pitch. I process information from one part of the environment and exclude all the other parts. I don’t notice the conversations happening on the bench or realize that my mom is on the phone while eating a pretzel. I also don’t notice my shoes pressing against my feet or the glove enclosing my hand unless I shift my attention and think about
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Dividing Attention Facilitates or Impedes Learning Dividing attention can impede learning when trying to retain new facts. This can actually impair ability to retain information or to properly interact with others. When receiving information from many different sources or interfacing with different people at the same time it is difficult to concentrate and succeed at dealing with at least one of the issues at hand. If dividing your attention among a group of activities impedes your progress
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* Cognition is a term covering all the mental activities associated with thinking‚ knowing‚ remembering‚ and communicating. * We use concepts‚ mental groupings of similar objects‚ events‚ ideas‚ or people‚ to simplify and order the world around us. * In creating hierarchies‚ we subdivide these categories into smaller and more detailed units. * We form some concepts‚ which is formed most around a prototype‚ a best example of a category. * An algorithm is a time-consuming but thorough
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dominant theme in social cognition research is that we are cognitive misers‚ economizing as much as we can on the effort we need to expend when processing information. So schemas are a kind of mental short-hand used to simplify reality and facilitate processing. Schema research has been applied to four main areas: person schemas‚ self-schemas‚ role schemas and event schemas (Fiske & Taylor‚ 1991). 2. Understanding Social perception During the 1980s social cognition research began to posit
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One of the more prominent relationships one may observe in The Kite Runner is between the Hazara boy‚ Hassan‚ and Amir. This relationship is one the most important in the novel as it acts as a large foundation which is required for the rest of the novel. “…we were kids who had learned to crawl together‚ and no history‚ ethnicity‚ society‚ or religion was going to change that either.” (27‚ Hosseini). Amir and Hassan were very close from a very young age‚ they had grown a very strong friendship with
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The first of the four Approaches I will discuss is Attention to Speech. Taglimonte (2006: p.8) suggests that it is “the style from which every other style must be calibrated”. William Labov devised a sociolinguistic interview designed to produce a range of types of speech. His main interest was to obtain and identify data that represented people’s casual speech‚ rather than speech that was altered due to the presence of an observer. Most of the interview was conversational and produced two types
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SELECTIVE ATTENTION‚ DISTORTION AND RETENTION A motivated person is ready to act. How he motivated person actually acts is influenced by his or her view or perception of the situation. Perception is the process by which an individual selects‚ organizes‚ and interprets information inputs to create a meaningful picture the world. Perception depends not only on the physical stimuli‚ but also on the stimuli’s relation to the surrounding field and on conditions within the individual. The key point
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