= street smarts – What are the two broad ways that people learn? • Reinforcement and observaGon 4 – Give an example of: • Positive reinforcement – Increased pay after exceptional job performance – Addition of X following a desired behavior • Negative reinforcement – Performing a task to avoid being yelled at – Removal of X following a desired behavior • Extinction – Stop giving attention to the
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Chapter Chapter PERCEPTION AND LEARNING: UNDERSTANDING AND ADAPTING TO THE WORK ENVIRONMENT Perception - we select‚ organize‚ & interpret information - active processing of sensory inputs - very subjective Social Perception - the process of combining‚ integrating‚ and interpreting information about others to gain an accurate understanding of them Personal and Social Identity Attribution -determine the causes behind others’ behavior Correspondent Inferences - judging people’s dispositions‚ traits
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“The consequences of an act affect the probability of it ’s occurring again.” – B.F. Skinner. This quote relates to the ways of psychology that Skinner used to help shape it and life for the future. Famous for operant conditioning and negative reinforcement Skinner used these tools of thought to find the response and behavior of who or what he was testing. This was a form of behaviorism‚ which is the theory of learning based on an idea that behaviors are acquired through a way of conditioning. This
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of interest to both Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike. .Sex differences are measured and taken in consideration in both kinds of conditioning processes. Males and females learn and remember differently at different times of their life. Through reinforcement‚ participants are able to understand what kind of behavior is rewarded for or punished for. Classical and operant conditioning fall under the social learning theory where individuals’ expressions are shown and depicted. In other words‚ the individual
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lecture that Dr. Laura Terry gave the other day‚ she explained what types of reinforcements and punishments should be used. She defined reinforcements as a process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated‚ meaning giving yourself gifts when you do what is right. I can reinforce my behavior when I do not use foul language for a day by giving myself a candy bar. Another reinforcement I can use is going to a movie if I stay clean for a week. Dr. Laura Terry
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Psychology provides explanations as to why children who are being babysat would listen to their caretaker‚ and how the caretaker influences the children. For example if the caretaker asked the children to get along‚ keep their play area clean‚ watch no more than one hour of t.v. ‚ and work on their school projects then they most likely will be obedient to the commands. Obedience is a form of social influence where an individual acts in response to a direct order from another individual‚ who is usually
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for his research on operant conditioning and negative reinforcement. He developed a device called the "cumulative recorder‚" which showed rates of responding as a sloped line. Using this device‚ he found that behavior did not depend on the preceding stimulus as Watson and Pavlov maintained. Instead‚ Skinner found that behaviors were dependent upon what happens after the response. Skinner called this operant behavior. Schedules of Reinforcement In his research on operant conditioning‚ Skinner
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the entire classroom/group of students. Furthermore‚ checkmarks are a symbol of derogatory or negative behavior. Checkmarks represent positive feedback and/or behavior. Lastly‚ the teacher waited to long to provide the children with positive reinforcement (reward) in the form of a toy car. The teacher should have made a response for each setting with the children and provided immediate feedback/praise. One alternative behavior modification procedure the teacher could have utilized is: 1. Discuss
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Graduate institute of science and management sri lanka. | Bachelor’s Degree First Year Programme Massey university-NewZeland. | BM.124-Organization and management Assignment 2 | | Hasasara Madurasinghe | | 30/11/2012 | course supervisor-linton fernando 1. You have been a very successful civil engineer for ten years and your technical skills are excellent. However you have no
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Observational and social theory According to Lefrancois‚ Social cognitive theory is a label for Bandura’s theory‚ which explains social learning through imitation using the principles of operant conditioning while recognizing the importance of cognitive activities such as imagining‚ symbolizing and anticipating (Lefrancois‚ p.386). Bandura’s theory was based on Skinners operant conditioning. If you recall Skinner believed in “free will” Therefore‚ Skinner believed that we have a mind‚ but due to
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