COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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The Costs of Production Production and Costs Costs in the Short Run Fixed Costs Implicit Costs Explicit Costs Variable Costs Average Costs Marginal Costs The Symmetry Between Production and Costs Total Product and Total Cost Curves Geometry of Average and Marginal Costs Curves Average Physical Product and Average Variable Costs Marginal Physical Product and Marginal Cost Costs in the Long Run Isocost Lines Cost Minimization The Expansion Path and the Long Run Total Cost Curve Average Cost and
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CHAPTER 22 The Costs of Production Topic Question numbers ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Costs: explicit and implicit 1-9 2. Profits 10-23 3. Short run versus long run 24-31 4. Law of diminishing returns 32-55 5. Short-run costs 56-157 6. Long-run costs 158-193 Last Word 194-196 True-False 197-210 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Before refrigerators were produced‚ people were forced to cool their food with ice‚ snow‚ or nearby rivers and springs. Most people also had to can‚ salt‚ and pickle their food to preserve their meals. During these times‚ inventors were working towards the creation of the refrigerator. In 1758‚ Benjamin Franklin experimented with the effects of evaporation on temperature. With the help from chemist John Hadley‚ both men were able to find a way to drop thermometers temperature
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential
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We are planning to launch smart refrigerator in India soon that will have sensors which will read the barcode on whatever is stored in the fridge and will flash its expiry date on the panel‚" LG Electronics Executive Vice President and CEO‚ Home Appliances Co‚ Moon B. Shin http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/vikasindian001-643284-refrigerator/ Dios - capacity of about 800 liters. - luxurious refrigerators- price that lies between Rs. 80‚000 to Rs. 2‚ 50‚000 – 2006 – high end product Frost
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Production Cost Analysis: Economic Analysis as a tool for Process Development: Harvest of a High Cell-Density Fermentation For the biotech industry to be profitable‚ it must consider economics along with process recovery‚ purity‚ and product quality. The number of biotechnology-based human therapeutic products in the late-stage pipeline‚ and the average cost to commercialize a biotech product‚ have steadily increased.1‚2 This has required biotech companies to use economic analysis as a tool
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Cost of Production Report - Blending Department (1st Department): Learning Objective: 1.Øî¨ Ârialï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿*ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿í¿¿ï¿*ï¿*ï¿ï¼ï¿Ýæ®î¼ ׿ Prepare a cost of production report of first department in a process costing system. 2.í¥¾ìí¥¾ìí¥¾ìí¥¾ìí¥¾ìí¥¾ìí¥¾ï¿¿ï¿¿è￿þí¤Ëºì ͹ïϸêÑ·ïÓ¶ìÕµí¤×´ìÙ³í¤Û²ìݱí¤ß°ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿Õµí¤×´ìÙ³í¤Û²ìݱí¤ß°ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿ï¿¿
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