5. Results & Discussion : The optical nonlinearity of DASPB doped PMMA-MA polymer film is studied using open aperture and closed aperture Z-scan techniques by means of low power CW laser at different dye-doping concentrations. The open aperture Z-scan study shows that the dye-doped sample shows a considerable amount of saturable absorption property. But at higher input intensity‚ the two-photon absorption and the reverse saturation absorption properties of the dye in polymer film becomes prominent
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8.2 The World Communicates Contextual Outline Humans are social animals and have successfully communicated through the spoken word‚ and then‚ as the use of written codes developed‚ through increasingly sophisticated graphic symbols. The use of a hard copy medium to transfer information in coded form meant that communication was able to cross greater distances with improved accuracy of information transfer. A messenger was required to carry the information in hard copy form and this carrier could
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Biology Plant and Animal Cells Prokaryotes: No nucleus or other membrane Eukaryotes: has a nucleus and other organelles Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplast while animals cells don’t Organelles Cytoplasm: suspends organelles in cell Endoplasmic Reticulum: transports materials throughout the cell Nucleus: stores genetic data and performing mitosis Mitochondria: converts glucose with oxygen to make energy for cell Cell membrane: support cell and allow diffusion Chloroplast: absorbs
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used in fiber-optic communications‚ which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communications. v Refraction: Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon‚ but any type of wave can refract when it interacts with a medium‚ for example when sound waves pass from one medium
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Topic 4: Oscillations and Waves 10 hours 4.1 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion (SHM) 2 hours | |Assessment statement |Obj |Student Notes | |4.1.1 |Describe examples of oscillations. |2 |A mass hanged with a spring | | | | |A pendulum
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Activity 2.4.2: Visual Perception Introduction Except for your brain‚ the eyes are the most complex organ you possess. Your eyes are composed of over two million working parts and their coordinated action can instantaneously set in motion hundreds of muscles and organs in the body. Your eyes allow you to track a fly ball into a baseball glove. They can help you pick out the perfect color to paint your room. Your eyes can help you find your best friend at a crowded concert. These amazing organs
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products‚ as well as new jobs and businesses 5. light years- a unit of Astronomical distance equivilant to the distance that light travels in one year. The closest star is 4.37 light years away from earth 6. Refraction uses a lens to form the image. A reflection uses a mirror. A refraction is best
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have been stripped of any white light wavelengths. Any color that is primarily absorbed by a pigment molecule will have the reflection of light in the opposite range of color. Structural colors are created from reflection‚ diffraction and refraction. At times‚ light can reflect away from an object creating many fragments‚ so it is said to be scattering. However‚ if the light changes speed while/before hitting a transparent object‚ it is
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Antennas Terrestrial Microwave Satellite Microwave Broadcast Radio Infrared 4.3 Wireless Propagation Ground Wave Propagation Sky Wave Propagation Line-of-Sight Propagation 4.4 Line-of-Sight Transmission Free Space Loss Atmospheric Absorption Multipath Refraction 4.5 4.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites Key Terms‚ Review Questions‚ and Problems Key Terms Review Questions Problems 94 CHAPTER 4 / TRANSMISSION MEDIA KEY POINTS • The transmission media that are used to convey information can be classified
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mathematician: Pierre de Fermat The French mathematician Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) was possibly the most productive mathematician of his era‚ making many contributions‚ some of which were to calculus‚ number theory‚ and the law of refraction. While relatively little is known of Fermat ’s early education‚ it is known that he was of Basque origin and received his primary and secondary education at the monastery of Grandsl ve‚ run by the Cordeliers (Franciscans)‚ in Beaumont-de-Lomagne
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