devised a classification system for the various galaxies he observed. He divided galaxies into elliptical‚spiral‚barred spirals‚ and irregular galaxies.Not only that but‚ he sorted the galaxies by shape‚brightness‚ and distance; it was then he noticed redshifts in galaxies’ light emissions were moving away from each other at a linear rate of the distance between
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The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Perhaps the most conclusive (and certainly among the most carefully examined) piece of evidence for the Big Bang is the existence of an isotropic radiation bath that permeates the entire Universe known as the "cosmic microwave background" (CMB). The word "isotropic" means the same in all directions; the degree of anisotropy of the CMB is about one part in a thousand. In 1965‚ two young radio astronomers‚ Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson‚ almost accidentally
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2.4 Galaxy Clusters and Superclusters . . . 2.5 The Cosmic Distance Ladder . . . . . . 2.5.1 Trigonometric Techniques . . . 2.5.2 Standard Candles . . . . . . . . 2.5.3 Cepheid Variables . . . . . . . . 2.5.4 Other Standard Candles . . . . 2.5.5 Redshifts and the Hubble Flow 2.6 Galaxy Cluster Mass . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 More on Dark Matter . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4 5 7 8 10 13 13 21 25 29 38 39 41 41 42 46 48 49 53 56 58 61 61 62 62 67 69 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the early development of the universe.[1] The key idea is that the universe is expanding. Consequently‚ the universe was denser and hotter in the past. Moreover‚ the Big Bang model suggests that at some moment all matter in the universe was contained in a single point‚ which is considered the beginning of the universe. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago‚ which is thus considered the age of the
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By observing the light spectrum in these galaxies‚ he discovered that the light was distorted in a way known as “red shift”. This meant that the light rays were longer‚ and appeared redder than expected. When Hubble plotted redshift against distance‚ he found that the redshift of distant galaxies increased as a linear function of their distance. The only explanation for this observation was that the universe was expanding. Scientists believe that since the Big Bang the universe has been constantly
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galaxy far away from the Milky Way compared to one that is closer? Hubble’s law predicted that galaxies were moving away from earth at a rate proportional to their distance from us. The farther away from the Milky Way a galaxy is‚ the larger the redshift is. The farther away a galaxy is‚ the faster it is moving away. Conversely‚ blueshifted galaxies‚ such as Andromeda‚ are moving closer to the Milky Way. 2. In a few sentences‚ describe Hubble’s two major findings about nebulae and explain how
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Life cycle of a star Every star has a life cycle just like a human or a frog except stars do it on a much larger scale. Stars start life as a massive cloud of matter and then get pulled together to create a star. But stars do not last forever most stars last for millions of years but they still end. When a stars life ends it may explode or implode to create a black hole. The reason stars even start life and end life is because of nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is a reaction where matter is forced
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The Achievements of Edwin Powell Hubble By: Patricia Hageman Astronomy September 7‚ 2011 When I think of an accomplished Astronomer from the 20th century‚ the first person to come to mind is Edwin Powell Hubble. He had numerous achievements in the study of Astronomy before his death in 1953. Among those was his discovery of galaxies outside of the Milky Way‚ the expanding universe‚ and overseeing the construction of the Hale Telescope. Because of his major contributions to the study of Astronomy
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spectral lines in galaxies. What he had discovered was the galactic redshifts. A galactic redshift is a displacement of spectral lines toward longer wavelengths. What Slipher specifically observed was that the spectral lines of many nebulas exhibited a red shift that indicated motion away from planet earth. Around 1912 Carl Wilhelm Wirtz like Vesto Slipher observed a systematic redshift of nebulae. While observing the redshift he came to the conclusion that relative to the present location of
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heated argument" - Morrison. "The redshift problem is one of the most critical problems in astronomy today" - G. Burbidge. "Quasars still remain the profoundest mystery in the heavens" - Hazard and Mitton. The conventional interpretation of the spectral lines observed in quasars is based on the redshift hypothesis. Three hypotheses have been advanced to account for the supposed redshifts: 1. Cosmological hypothesis; the redshifts are due to the expansion of the universe
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