2.3 Study Questions 1. According to functionalism‚ a mental states are functional states meaning that the mind is what the brain does. 2. Lewis’ pained madman thought experiment describes a man that feels pain for different reasons than most. It attempts to undermine functionalism by showing how being in a certain functional state is not a necessary condition for being in a mental state. 3. The Block’s Chinese Nation thought experiment describes a situation in which the people in China function
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3.2 >>> 1.what is soft determinism? >>> Soft determinism( compatibilism) is the doctrine that determined actions can nevertheless be free. >>> >>> 2. What is traditional compatibilism? >>> Traditional compatibilism is the doctrine that free actions are caused by one’s will and not externally constrained. >>> >>> 3. What is stace’s explanation of how all our actions have causes ‚yet some actions are free? > His explanation is those acts that are directly cause by the internal psychological
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bed in the morning to if we are going to worship God. These decisions are not just what we are going to do‚ but also what we are going to think and what we are going to believe or disbelieve. In addition‚ in philosophy‚ there is the doctrine of determinism‚ which says “all events—including our choices and actions—are produced inexorable by previous events‚ which are caused by still others‚ the chain of causes leading back into the indefinite past. Since every cause always results in the same
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Satre and Spinoza‚ to conclude a convergence of what freedom really is‚ a paradox‚ where freedom does not exist in and of itself‚ save for free will. The approach philosophers have taken in this argument is defined by the terms of determinism and indeterminism. Determinism is the metaphysical perspective‚ arguing‚ “every event or state of affairs‚ including every human decision and action‚ is the inevitable and necessary consequence of antecedent states of affairs” (The Information Philospher.com)
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‘Our freedom to make ethical choices is only an apparent freedom’ Determinism- implies that human beings have no free will and cannot be held morally responsible for their actions Accepting that we are not free- our behaviour is the product of forces over which we have no control. (USE EXAMPLE FROM JAMES RACHELS) Our capacity to experience emotions/ compassion does NOT depend on free will We will have reason for our actions‚ even if we lack free will. We would still have the same goals‚ but viewing
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Do we have a Free Will? The brain is a powerful‚ mystical part of every living being. It controls what we think‚ what we do‚ and how we act. Every day we are faced with decisions. As a human being‚ we are given the intelligence and brain to make conscious decisions‚ whether they are good decisions or bad decisions. We have the free will to make them‚ but is our decision truly conscious? There are many things that influence or determine our behavior. The brain works in magical ways‚ sometimes with
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the control of the person‚ but by this point it is generally the case that a decision or choice has already been made by the person concerning the course of action that they were going to take. Determinists would argue a different perspective. Determinism is the belief that free will does not exist and that choices and decisions are made externally to us‚ by controlling gods or by fate. It is the belief that there is no such thing as freedom of choice in any situation‚ that we never have any say
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Awards: Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities‚ US & Canada Causal Determinism First published Thu Jan 23‚ 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 21‚ 2010 Causal determinism is‚ roughly speaking‚ the idea that every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature. The idea is ancient‚ but first became subject to clarification and mathematical analysis in the eighteenth century. Determinism is deeply connected with our understanding of the physical sciences
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WILL AND DETERMINISM RELATION The stereotypical definition of determinism‚ to the layman‚ goes something like this: "All events are predetermined so we have no free will." Actually‚ this is more or less the definition of hard determinism. Determinism‚ however‚ according to professor of philosophy Sandra LaFave‚ can co-exist with free will in the form of soft determinism‚ the philosophical theory that all events indeed have causes but that humans can still act voluntarily. Soft determinism provides
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Free Will and Determinism Both Steven Cahn and W.T. Stace have written essays concerning the compatibility of Free Will and/or Determinism. However‚ they have opposing views on the subject‚ whereas Cahn believes free will and determinism are incompatible and Stace believes that they are. Free will can be defined as one’s ability or power to freely make choices that are unconstrained by external circumstances or by an agency such as fate. On the other hand‚ Determinism can be defined as the‚ “philosophical
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