E. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones with Sodium Hydroxide Objectives: To know the reactions of aldehydes and ketones with sodium hydroxide a) State the function of Sodium Hydroxide in the test. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the oxidizing agent. b) What are the principles involved in the test? What is its purpose? Cannizzaro reaction is a reaction that uses a strong base‚ such as sodium hydroxide‚ which results to the formation of a carboxylic acid (or its corresponding salt) and an alcohol
Premium Aldehyde Carbonyl Hydrogen
the reaction of butanols with hydrobromic acid. Before the lab began we discussed and proposed mechanisms. (see “Mechanisms”) To begin this experiment we calculated how much of each material we were going to be using‚ and the numbers we chose to use differed from our reference text slightly. We used 6.5 mL of our assigned butanol and only 4 mL of sulfuric acid. Going back to our reaction mechanisms‚ we were looking at SN1 and SN2 reactions‚ so we of course used the hydrobromic acid as our acid catalyst
Premium Alcohol Chemistry Hydrochloric acid
PurposeIn this experiment‚ sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in acetic acid mixture was used to oxidize emdo-borneol (an alcohol) to camphor (a ketone). The product would then be purified by sublimation and then be analyzed by Infrared spectroscopy and melting point test. Procedure and ObservationsPlease refer to the lab manual and the carbon copy attached. Data and CalculationsWeight of endo-borneol = 0.2013gNo of moles of endo-borneol = 0.2013g/154.25g mol-1 = 1. 305mmolSince one mole of endo-borneol
Premium Chemistry Chlorine Sodium hydroxide
Experiment 28: The reaction of Butanols with Hydrobromic Acid Pre-lab Objective: The objective of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane with different catalyst:substrate ratios to determine which ratio is the most economically favorable. Discussion: In this experiment‚ 1-butanol or 2-butanol will be converted to the corresponding alkyl bromide with HBR‚ while using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The sulfuric acid will accelerate the chemical reaction with being consumed
Premium Distillation
Should fluorine be added to water? Introduction: Fluoride is a natural mineral and a chemical‚ which is a compound of fluorine that is the most commonly used in water sources. However not only for that‚ it also has a various number of other uses in example: making molten metals flow‚ and burning materials etc. as it is an extremely reactive and highly toxic element‚ so when it comes to adding fluoride to public water‚ that’s when mankind is faced with some extremely
Premium Drinking water Water purification Water
Main aim of experiment 5 is to use the biuret test to quantify the concentration of the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) then constructing a standard curve graph and to use the spectrophotometer to perform an enzyme assay using different concentration of the BSA. Experiment 5 also verifies the Beer-Lambert Law‚ which is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing species. Absorbance formula is shown in fig. 1.1. However‚ the Beer-Lambert Law is not obeyed at high concentration
Premium Chemistry Concentration Spectroscopy
Diffusion of Hydrochloric Acid into Different Sizes of Agar Blocks Aim: Investigating the relationship between the diffusion and the surface area to volume ratio‚ with agar and hydrochloric acid. Research Question: How does the difference in surface area to volume ratio affect the diffusion? Hypothesis: As the area to volume ratio increases‚ the time taken for a complete diffusion will also increase. Background Information: Agar is a jelly like substance and in this experiment‚ agar
Premium Chlorine PH Hydrogen
SODIUM gSodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin: natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft‚ silver-white‚ highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. The free metal does not occur in nature‚ but instead must be prepared from its compounds; it was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust‚ and exists in numerous minerals such
Premium Sodium
Description of the experiment * Aim: To observe the reactions of sulfuric acid as an oxidising agent and as a dehydrating agent. Equipment: * 20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid * 20mL of 2mol/L sulfuric acid * 2 small pieces of each of copper‚ zinc and iron * Sandpaper * 10 test tubes * Test tube rack * 2g of sugar crystals (sucrose) * 2 wooden ice-cream sticks * 10mL measuring cylinders Steps: A: Sulfuric acid as an oxidising agent 1. Clean pieces of metal
Premium Sulfuric acid Sulfur Hydrogen sulfide
of the Enthalpy of an Acid-Base Reaction Abstract The purpose of this lab was to first‚ determine the specific heat capacity of a homemade calorimeter‚ and second‚ to calculate the enthalpy of reaction for an acid-base reaction between 6M KOH and 6M HNO3. To determine the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter‚ two differing temperatures of water were measured and volume was measured and mixed within the calorimeter. The enthalpy of reaction for an acid-base reaction was found by these steps:
Free Thermodynamics Enthalpy Heat