Title: Estimation of Ascorbic acid Aim: To determine the ascorbic acid content of canned apple and orange juice To determine the volume of canned juice necessary to provide 75mg of Vitamin C Introduction: For the estimation of ascorbic acid‚ the method used involved the titration of the ascorbic acid‚ in the presence of a redox indicator 2‚6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) which acts as both an oxidant so as to oxidise the ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid‚ and it acts as an indicator
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Redox reactions (Redox terminology‚ galvanic cells‚ standard electrode potentials‚ strength of oxidizing/reducing agents‚ corrosion and protection against it) Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons and reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. Oxidizing agents‚ such as oxygen are defined as substances which accept electrons; reducing agents are substances which donate electrons. Redox reactions are: a) The reactions of metals with non-metals 2Na+Cl2→2Na+Cl- b) The reactions
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Weak Acid Titration Abstract: Our method for determining the unknown weak acid was to determine the equilibrium constant K from the molecular weight of the weak acid from our titration data. In this lab the acid Potassium hydrogen phthalate and two unknown acids were titrated. We determined the molar mass of the Potassium hydrogen phthalate‚ for the unknown acids we calculated the molar mass and the Ka values. We used NaOH as the known base for titrating in all three of the titrations. Our
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Proposal Report: Acid Violence in Bangladesh Background: Acid throwing on women and girls are on the rise in Bangladesh. Of all the gender-based violence directed at women‚ one of the most horrific is acid attacks. Acids are used to disfigure and sometimes kill women and girls. Reported reasons for the acid-throwing attacks include the refusal of an offer of marriage‚ dowry disputes‚ domestic fights‚ and disputes over property.. For the last few years‚ it has been on the rise in
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Distinguished ladies and gentlemen. Acid rain is becoming a widespread problem around the world. The amount of acid in rain has dramatically increased in the past decade in certain areas like America and Europe by 70%. How is it caused? It is formed by the chemicals in the process of burning fossil fuels mixing with the moisture in the Earth’s atmosphere. Acid rain come in two forms‚ wet and dry. Dry deposition‚ a more accurate term for acid rain‚ can appear to be snow‚ hail or other dry particles
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Amino acids are important building blocks; they play an essential role in the formation of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. Amino acids can serve as cell signaling molecules and can regulate gene expression. An optimal amount of amino acids is essential for health. There are over 500 amino acids‚ however only 20 are commonly found. Amino acids all have an amine functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. They differentiate from each other in their side chains. Only 10 of
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SUMMARY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SECTION 1 - ALIPHATIC Aldehydes and ketones |Type of reaction |Mechanism | |1. oxidation (aldehydes only): aldehyde ( carboxylic acid |n/a | | | | |reagents: potassium
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The acid-fast stain is performed on samples to demonstrate the characteristic of acid fastness in certain bacteria. Acid fastness is a characteristic that is shared by just a few organisms‚ so staining to determine if organisms possess this trait is useful in microbial identification schemes. The Ziehl-Neelsen method has endured as a reliable and effective way to demonstrate the acid-fast bacteria. Materials: 18-20 nutrient hour agar slant culture of Staphyloccus aureus 4 day old nutrient
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787122 Received 3 October 2002/Accepted 21 November 2002 Downloaded from http://aem.asm.org/ on June 6‚ 2013 by UNIVERSITY OF DELHI Despite their commercial importance‚ there are relatively few facile methods for genomic manipulation of the lactic acid bacteria. Here‚ the lactococcal group II intron‚ Ll.ltrB‚ was targeted to
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De-esterification for Synthesis of Benzoic Acid BATCH REACTOR Shane Bulk Chris Crosley David McGuire Max Skula Yunjing Song Shriram Sundarraj Nelson Zhou 155:416 Process Laboratory II Professor Jerry Sheinbeim January 28 – February 28‚ 2014 ABSTRACT The observed reaction that took place in this experiment was the de-esterification of ethyl benzoate to form benzoic acid. This experiment was used to determine the rate constant k of the synthesis of benzoic acid at different temperatures and
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