materials and soap making Soap making requires two major raw materials: * Fats and oils Fats and oils are esters of fatty acids and glycerol. These are obtained from natural substances which are classified into three: a. Nut oils Cold process soap making is the most suitable for this type of oil which is also characterized by large proportion of fatty acids. Nut oils saponify easily with strong alkali soulution. Example: coconut oil‚ palm kernel oil b. Hard fats Slow-lathering soaps
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How fast is your reaction? Part 1 – How temperature affect the rate of reaction Chemical equation Magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen Mg + 2HCL → MgCl2 + H2 Graph Conclusion and questions 1. What factors/variables did you keep the same in this experiment? * We kept the same volume of hydrochloric acid (10 cm3) and the magnesium ribbon (5cm) because that way we could get a fair test experiment. We also repeated
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a) What other name(s) does this chemical go by? (i.e. synonyms) Other names for sodium bicarbonate are baking soda‚ sodium hydrogen carbonate‚ and carbonic acid sodium. (b) What is the type(s) of hazard associated with this chemical? (i.e. poisonous‚ biohazardous‚ ...) According to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals‚ sodium bicarbonate has not been categorized as hazardous. (c) What should you do if this chemical splashes in your eyes or is spilled
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The Displacement Reactions Purpose: to see how displacement reaction works with different chemicals and what chemical has more reactivity series then other Hypothesis: Iron + Copper Sulfate: Iron will displace copper because it is more reactive and it is going to end up as Iron Sulphide + Copper Copper + Silver Nitrate: Copper will displace Silver because it is more reactive and it is going to end up as Copper Nitride + Magnesium + Copper oxide: Magnesium will displace Copper because it
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A carboxylic acid is an organic acid characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R-COOH‚ where R is some monovalent functional group. A carboxyl group (or carboxy) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl (RR’C=O) and a hydroxyl (R-O-H)‚ which has the formula -C(=O)OH‚ usually written as -COOH or -CO2H. Carboxylic acids are Brønsted-Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Among
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PRACTICAL 2: Preparation of sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III) Date: 12 March 2014 INTRODUCTION Sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III) is a coordination complex which has the formula Na3[Co(NO2)6]. This compound is yellow in colour. It consists of a central Co3+ ion surrounded by six nitro ligands [1]. This compound is used as a qualitative test for potassium and ammonium ions (so long as certain other cations are not present) [1]. Potassium and ammonium are insoluble in water‚ while sodium is [1]. Hence‚ the
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percentage errors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to determine the order with respect to permanganate ion and to oxalic acid concentration for the reaction of potassium permanganate and oxalic acid solutions. Other goals include‚ writing a rate equation and determining the effect of increased temperature on the rate of this reaction. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT The materials required for this experiment include the following: • 2-50ml Burets • 60 mL of 0.755M H2C2O4 • 60
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Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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Preparation of Sodium Chloride through titration Abstract: acid-base titration is a technique commonly used to determine the moles of acid in a sample by adding a known volume of strong base of a known concentration. The strong base provides the hydroxide ion‚ to react quantitatively with the acid. The point at which the acid is completely and exactly consumed the known quantity of base is called the equivalence end point and is signalled by a colour change in the solution (end point). This colour
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Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Q.1. Why should magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air ? Ans: Magnesium ribbon is a very reactive metal. When stored it reacts with oxygen to form a layer of magnesium oxide on its surface. This layer of magnesium oxide being a stable compound prevents further reaction of magnesium with oxygen. The magnesium is cleaned before burning in air to remove this layer so that the metal can be exposed to air properly. Q.2. Write the balanced
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